Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 89-99.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260108

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Origin and accumulation mechanism of hydrocarbon of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

LIU Haiyu(), LI Shanshan, GUO Xiaoxiao, LUO Wei, LIANG Gang, WANG Biwei   

  1. Hainan Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23

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Abstract:

First dual breakthrough in oil and gas exploration have been achieved in Oligocene Lingshui Formation of the southern slope of Baodao Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin, demonstrating significant exploration potential. Based on the analysis and laboratory data of Y10-F structural oil-gas and source rock samples, combined with regional geological understanding, the geochemical characteristics, hydrocarbon sources, and reservoir formation characteristics of Oligocene Lingshui Formation of the southern slope of Baodao Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin were analyzed by using oil and gas geochemistry, fluid inclusion method, and basin simulation method. The results show that: （1） The crude oil from the southern slope of Baodao Sag exhibits characteristics of a partially reduced marine crude oil with low terrestrial input of higher plants and high input of marine algal, manifested as low Pr/Ph ratios (0.98-1.34), high sterane/hopane ratios(0.42-0.72), and heavier kerogen carbon isotope values (-26.04‰ to -24.47‰). Symbiotic natural gas exhibits typical condensate gas characteristics, with more contribution from sapropelic organic matter in its hydrocarbon parent material,which has low drying coefficient (0.85-0.92) and lighter ethane carbon isotope values (-29.56‰ to -28.18‰). （2） The crude oil in the study area is a product of the mature stage of hydrocarbon source rocks, while the associated natural gas is a product of the high mature stage. Both oil and natural gas originate from marine mixed hydrocarbon source rock formed by Oligocene reducing environment in Baodao Sag, and such source rock possesses oil and gas co-generation capacity. （3） Lingshui Formation oil and gas reservoir in the study area has the characteristic of two-stage of “early oil and late gas” filling and accumulation, and the late natural gas has the effect of evaporation and fractionation modification on the early crude oil. Controlled by differences in the distance between hydrocarbon source rocks of the sag and the development of conductors, different zones experience varying degrees of “evaporation and fractionation”. The northern block of Y10-F structure underwent strong evaporative fractionation, predominantly generating gas. The southern block was less affected by evaporative fractionation, and retained its primary reservoir capacity, forming the present-day distribution pattern of “oil in the south, gas in the north”.

Key words: biomarker compound, fluid phase identification, geochemical characteristics, source correlation of oil and gas, evaporative fractionation, hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, deepwater area, the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig. 1

Tectonic units （a）， location of the southern slope of Baodao Sag （b）， and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Cenozoic （c） of Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 2

Chromatographys of full hydrocarbon and light hydrocarbon of oil samples from the third member of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in Y10-F structure of the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 3

Characteristics of steranes and terpanes of oil samples from Oligocene Lingshui Formation of Y10-F structure in the southern slope of Baodao Sag and Eocene in Songxi Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 4

Characteristics of steranes and terpanes of Oligocene source rocks from Baodao Sag and Eocene oil shale from Songxi Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 5

Comparison of biomarker parameters between crude oils from Y10-F structure in the southern slope of Baodao Sag and Oligocene source rocks from Baodao Sag， Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 6

Identification of natural gas genesis of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in Y10-F structure in the southern slope of Baodao Sag， Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 7

Depth of the top surface （T62） structure of the third member of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in Y10-F structure（a）， and typical seismic section across Y10-F structure （b） of the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 8

Fluorescence of representative hydrocarbon inclusions of Oligocene Lingshui Formation oil reservoir section from well Y2 in the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 9

Homogenization temperature of brine inclusions （a）， burial history and thermal evolution history （b） of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in well Y2 of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

Fig. 10

Accumulation model of differential “evaporative fractionation” of the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin"

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