Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 115-125.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260110

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles    

Reverse-time migration in TI media based on optical flow vector

FENG Yancang1(), LIU Wenqing1, ZHANG Huixing2, WU Jie1, LI Dongsheng1   

  1. 1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest， Lanzhou 730020， China
    2 Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266100， Shandong， China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Revised:2025-07-01 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23

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Abstract:

When dealing with complex geological structures， the cross-correlation of back-propagated reflected waves with normally propagating wavefield in elastic reverse-time migration （RTM） generates strong-amplitude low-frequency noise. To address the issues of computational instability and insufficient accuracy of conventional Poynting vector-based traveling wave separation RTM algorithm， TI （transversely isotropic） media RTM method based on optical flow vector was proposed. By integrating optical flow theory with anisotropic elastic wave dynamics， through iterative computations， the proposed mothod obtains a more accurate vector that closely approximates the true wavefield propagation direction， effectively suppressing migration noise. The results show that：（1） The optical flow vector derived from the constant-wavefield assumption over adjacent time steps and the spatial smoothness assumption of wavefields in TI media eliminates the instability inherent in Poynting vectors， and accurately indicates the P-wave and S-wave propagation direction in TI media. （2） The traveling wave separation method based on optical flow vector can accurately decompose wavefields into up-， down-， left-， and right-traveling wave. （3） The optical flow vector-based TI media RTM algorithm effectively avoids cross-correlation imaging of wavefields along identical paths， and can suppress migration noise.

Key words: TI media, low-frequency noise, Poynting vector, optical flow vector, elastic wave, traveling wave separation, reverse-time migration, imaging

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.34

Fig. 1

Wavefield snapshots of homogeneous VTI medium"

Fig. 2

Wavefield snapshots of homogeneous TTI medium"

Fig. 3

Decoupling results for P-wave and S-wave in homogeneous VTI medium"

Fig. 4

Decoupling results for P-wave and S-wave in homogeneous TTI medium"

Fig. 5

Optical flow vectors of 100 ms wavefield in homogeneous VTI medium"

Fig. 6

Optical flow vectors of 100 ms wavefield in homogeneous TTI medium"

Fig. 7

Poynting vectors of 100 ms wavefield in homogeneous VTI medium"

Fig. 8

Poynting vector of 100 ms wavefield in homogeneous TTI medium"

Fig. 9

Double-layer velocity model"

Fig. 10

Poynting vector of 240 ms wavefield in double-layer VTI media"

Fig. 11

Optical flow vectors of 240 ms wavefield in double-layer VTI media"

Fig. 12

240 ms wavefield snapshot of double-layer VTI model"

Fig. 13

Traveling wave separation results based on optical flow method in double-layer VTI media"

Fig. 14

Traveling wave separation results based on Poynting vector method in double-layer VTI media"

Fig. 15

RTM results of double-layer model"

Fig. 16

Wavenumber spectra of the double-layer model"

Table 1

Computation time comparison of a single source RTM"

成像条件 时间/s
常规成像条件 35.03
Poynting矢量行波分离 40.81
光流矢量（1次迭代）行波分离 44.82
光流矢量（10次迭代）行波分离 60.62

Fig. 17

Anisotropic parameters of BP model"

Fig. 18

Wavefield snapshots at 0.8 s in BP model"

Fig. 19

Decoupled results for P-wave and S-wave of BP model"

Fig. 20

Quasi-P-wave separation results for source wavefield of BP model"

Fig. 21

Quasi-S-wave separation results for source wavefield of BP model"

Fig. 22

RTM results of BP model"

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