北羌塘坳陷东部玛曲地区侏罗系雀莫错组沉积特征及储层评价

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260215

Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 162-177.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260215

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir evaluation of Jurassic Quemocuo Formation in Maqu area, eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression

ZHAN Wangzhong¹(), SUI Boyu², WANG Zhongwei²(), HUO Fei², QI Jun², XIE Shangke¹, ZENG Shengqiang¹, HOU Qian¹

¹ Chengdu Center (Geosciences Innovation Center of Southwest China), China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610218, China
² School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China

Received:2025-07-29 Revised:2025-09-01 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2025-12-11

Abstract

Abstract:

Jurassic Quemocuo Formation in North Qiangtang Depression has developed large-scale coarse clastic rocks and gypsum-salt rocks. Through detailed characterization of field geological profiles and analysis of drilling cores, the sedimentary characteristics, reservoir features, and main controlling factors of Quemocuo Formation in Maqu area of the eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression were systematically revealed. The results show that: （1） Sedimentary facies of Quemocuo Formation have experienced the evolution of braided river，carbonate tidal flat，delta，open platform，clastic tidal flat upward, with 7 subfacies and 7 microfacies being identified at Ren’aibo section in Maqu area, North Qiangtang Depression. And in well QZ-16, sedimentary facies of Quemocuo Formation have experienced the evolution of meandering river，evaporative platform，restricted platform， clastic tidal flat, with 7 subfacies and 6 microfacies being identified. Quemocuo Formation as a whole is a transgressive sequence with gradually deepening water upwards, but lateral variations in sedimentary characteristics exist due to differences of paleogeography. （2） Lithologies of Quemocuo Formation clastic reservoir in the study area are primarily lithic quartz sandstone, feldspar lithic sandstone, lithic sandstone, and sandy siltstone. The storage space of reservoir is primarily composed of intergranular dissolved pores and intragranular dissolved pores. The average porosity and permeability are 2.89% and 0.024 mD, respectively, and the overall reservoir can be classified as an ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir. Simultaneously, the displacement pressure ranges from 0.71 to 41.00 MPa, with the average median pore-throat radius of 0.088 μm and sorting coefficients all greater than 1.5, significant variation in mercury injection difficulty, small pore-throat radius, and poor sorting. The overall reservoir has strong heterogeneity, belongs to medium-poor tight to extremely tight reservoir. （3） The reservoir quality of Quemocuo Formation in the study area is significantly influenced by sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis. Subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies in the delta front exhibit best properties, followed by sand bodies of the distributary channel in the delta plain and the low-tidal flat in the intertidal zone, sand bodies of the point bar-natural levee in the meandering river have the poorest reservoir quality. Dissolution plays a constructive role for the reservoir property, while compaction and cementation primarily have destructive effects on the reservoir.

Key words: sedimentary facies, clastic reservoir, ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability reservoir, pore structure, tight reservoir, Quemocuo Formation, Jurassic, North Qiangtang Depression

CLC Number:

TE122.221

ZHAN Wangzhong, SUI Boyu, WANG Zhongwei, HUO Fei, QI Jun, XIE Shangke, ZENG Shengqiang, HOU Qian. Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir evaluation of Jurassic Quemocuo Formation in Maqu area, eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(2): 162-177.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Sedimentary facies markers and their characteristics of Jurassic Quemoco Formation from Ren’aibo section and well QZ-16 in Maqu area, eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression"

研究对象	段	岩石类型	沉积构造及化石特征	测井曲线特征	微相	亚相	相
仁艾波剖面	雀三段	粉砂岩	韵律层理、再作用面、潮汐束	—	高潮坪	潮间带	碎屑潮坪
	雀三段	细—中粒岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩	—	—	低潮坪	潮间带	碎屑潮坪
	雀二段	泥晶灰岩	—	—	—	滩间海	开阔台地
	雀二段	生物碎屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩	正粒序层理，介壳类化石	—	—	台内滩	开阔台地
	雀一段	细—中粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩	平行层理、剥离线理、板状交错层理、楔状交错层理、雨痕、冰雹痕、生物扰动构造	—	分流河道	三角洲平原	三角洲
		细—中粒岩屑石英砂岩	平行层理、板状交错层理、正粒序层理	—	水下分流河道	三角洲前缘	三角洲
		泥晶灰岩	—	—	灰坪	潮间带	碳酸盐潮坪
		中—粗粒岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩	平行层理、板状交错层理、正粒序层理	—	心滩	河床	辫状河
		复成分砾岩、含砾粗砂岩	冲刷面、正粒序层理	—	河床滞留沉积	河床	辫状河
QZ-16井	雀三段	细—中粒岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩	—	低自然伽马、高电阻率	低潮坪	潮间带	碎屑潮坪
		泥岩、粉砂岩、细粒岩屑石英砂岩	水平层理	高自然伽马、低电阻率、高声波时差、低密度	高潮坪	潮间带
		泥岩粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩	水平层理、韵律层理；黄铁矿颗粒	高自然伽马，电阻率波动大	—	潟湖
	雀二段	似球粒灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩	韵律层理、鸟眼构造；腹足类、介壳类、海百合化石	低自然伽马、低中子、低声波时差、高电阻率、高密度	—	滩间海	局限台地
	雀二段	膏岩、膏溶角砾岩，局部发育碳质泥岩	—	低自然伽马、低中子、低声波时差、高电阻率、高密度	—	蒸发坪	蒸发台地
	雀一段	泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩	—	—	河漫滩	河漫	曲流河
		粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩	钙质结核、虫孔构造、韵律层理	高自然伽马、低电阻率	天然堤	堤岸
		中粒岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、粉砂岩	—	—	边滩	河床
		复成分砾岩	正粒序层理	低自然伽马、高电阻率	河床滞留沉积	河床

Table 1

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 2

Physical properties and pore structure parameters of clastic reservoir in Jurassic Quemocuo Formation from Ren’aibo section and well QZ-16, eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression"

采样位置	样品编号	岩性	物性特征		排替压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa	孔隙结构参数					孔隙结构类型	储层类别
采样位置	样品编号	岩性	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	排替压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa	最大孔喉半径/μm	孔喉半径中值/μm	分选系数	歪度	最大进汞饱和度/%	孔隙结构类型	储层类别
仁艾波剖面	PM3-15-ch1	砂岩	9.40	0.076	1.76	4.42	0.418	0.166	1.97	1.88	92.02	I型	Ⅳ类
	PM3-16-ch1	砂岩	5.13	0.005	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅴ类
	PM3-30-ch1	砂岩	5.54	—	0.71	3.70	1.035	0.199	2.26	1.12	96.34	Ⅱ型	Ⅴ类
	PM3-39-ch1	砂岩	2.20	0.010	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-56-ch1	砂岩	3.28	0.010	1.69	6.79	0.435	0.108	1.94	1.40	93.08	Ⅱ型	Ⅴ类
	PM3-58-ch1	砂岩	2.33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-62-ch1	砂岩	2.68	0.158	0.21	2.32	3.500	0.317	2.45	1.72	89.35	Ⅱ型	Ⅵ类
	PM3-65-ch1	砂岩	0.58	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-65-ch2	砂岩	2.83	0.003	5.71	19.49	0.129	0.038	2.01	0.72	93.13	Ⅲ型	Ⅵ类
	PM3-65-ch3	砂岩	1.23	0.029	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-67-ch1	砂岩	4.91	0.025	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅴ类
	PM3-76-ch1	砂岩	7.08	0.011	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅴ类
	PM3-76-ch2	砂岩	6.18	0.004	4.21	15.48	0.175	0.047	1.75	1.09	92.94	Ⅲ型	Ⅴ类
	PM3-81-ch1	砂岩	2.25	0.002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-86-ch1	砂岩	2.94	0.085	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-88-ch1	砂岩	1.71	0.002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-90-ch1	砂岩	2.22	0.112	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	PM3-91-ch1	砂岩	2.01	0.057	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
QZ- 16 井	16CH-1	砂岩	3.76	0.002	13.20	63.49	0.056	0.012	2.72	0.23	89.35	Ⅳ型	Ⅴ类
	16CH-2	粉砂岩	1.29	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-4	粉砂岩	—	—	32.00	140.29	0.023	0.005	3.56	1.05	79.80	Ⅳ型	—
	16CH-5	粉砂岩	1.26	0.002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-6	粉砂岩	1.10	0.003	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-7	粉砂岩	1.24	0.002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-8	砂岩	1.84	0.002	41.00	119.80	0.018	0.006	2.23	0.04	91.01	Ⅳ型	Ⅵ类
	16CH-9	砂岩	0.73	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-10	砂岩	1.81	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-11	砂岩	2.72	0.002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	16CH-12	砂岩	0.89	0.001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Ⅵ类
	平均值		2.89	0.024	11.17	41.75	0.643	0.099	2.32	1.03	90.78

Table 2

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir evaluation of Jurassic Quemocuo Formation in Maqu area, eastern part of North Qiangtang Depression

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