Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 17-25.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250402

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles    

Reservoir formation conditions and exploration potential of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin

TIAN Jixian1, SHI Zhenghao2,4, LI Jian1, SHA Wei3,4, JIANG Zhengwen2,4, YANG Lei2,4, YU Xue2,4, PU Yongxia2,4   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China;
    3. Exploration Division of Qinghai Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Dunhuang 736203, Gansu, China;
    4. Plateau Saline Lacustrine Basin Oil-Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-05-07 Published:2025-07-05

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Abstract: The exploration of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin is in its early stage and has great exploration potential. Based on outcrop，drilling，seismic，and experimental analysis data，the distribution and quality characteristics of Jurassic coal rock were analyzed. The reservoir formation conditions were evaluated from four aspects： gas generation capacity，reservoir conditions，reservoir-cap assemblages，and gas-bearing properties. And reservoir formation models and resource potential were clarified. The results show that： （1）Jurassic coal rocks in Qaidam Basin are mainly distributed in Middle-Lower Jurassic Hushan Formation，Xiaomeigou Formation，and Dameigou Formation，with large thickness，wide distribution area，distributed from the surface in front of the mountain to the hinterland of the basin（buried at a depth of nearly 10 000 meters），strong gas generation capacity，providing good material foundation for the generation of coal rock gas. The coal rocks are mainly semi-bright coal and bright coal，with high vitrinite content（average volume fraction of 65.5%）. Characterized by high volatile matter and ultra-low moisture content ，the coal rocks have good quality（. 2）The lithologies of Jurassic coal seams in the research area are mainly mudstone，carbonaceous mudstone，and coal rock， with coal rock thickness of 1.0-80.0 m，an average TOC value of 57.60%，an average hydrocarbon generation potential（S1+S2） of 79.9 mg/g，hydrogen index reaching up to 165 mg/g，and burial depth of over 4 500 m in the basin hinterland. Ro is generally greater than 1.5%，and can reach up to 3.5%，indicating strong overall gas generation capacity.There are four types of pores，such as pores，microcracks，residual tissue pores，and mineral intergranular pores. High proportions of meso-macropores provide reservior conditions rich in free gas. Two types（coal slurry and coal sand）of reservoir-cap assemblages are formed in the lacustrine sedimentary environment（3）Jurassic coal seams in the research area develop two types of reservoir formation models： self-generation and self-storage， and lower-generation and upper-storage. The preliminary estimate of coal-rock gas resources is 2.32×1012 m3， with great exploration potential. Middle Jurassic in Yuka-Jiulongshan area and Lower Jurassic in Niudong-Lenghu area represent the most favorable exploration targets for deep coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin.

Key words: coal-rock gas, free gas, coal slurry assemblage, coal sand assemblage, self-generation and selfstorage, lower-generation and upper-storage, Jurassic, Yuka-Jiulongshan area, Niudong-Lenghu area, Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122
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