Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 149-161.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260313

• NEW ENERGY AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of helium in Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin

BAI Yiyuan1(), GONG Hujun1(), WANG Dongxu1, LI Yuan2, LUO Fenhong1, WANG Junjun1   

  1. 1 Department of Geology/State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
    2 No. 3 Gas Production Plant of Yanchang Gas Field, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-12-04 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-03

Abstract:

Based on the testing and analyses on helium volume fraction, isotopic composition, and mass fractions of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in source rocks of 91 natural gas samples from drilling wells and 68 helium source rock samples from Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin, the distribution and origin of helium, helium-supplying potential of various helium source rock types were clarified, main controlling factors for helium enrichment were systematically discussed. The results show that: (1) The volume fraction of helium of Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin ranges from 0.009% to 0.217%, with an average of 0.059%. Among them, 6.5% of samples meet the high-helium standard (≥ 0.1%). On the plane, the helium abundance shows a pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”, with Luochuan and Fuxian being high-helium areas, and Zizhou, Jingbian being helium-poor areas. Vertically, the helium content shows little variation across different strata, indicating stable distribution. (2) The helium in the study area is a typical crust-derived helium, with helium isotope R/Ra values all less than 0.1, and the crustal contribution proportion reaching 99.73%. Multiple sets of helium source rocks, including Precambrian crystalline basement, Changcheng system, and Upper Paleozoic, are developed in the area. The helium generation of Precambrian basement and Changcheng system far exceeds that of Upper Paleozoic, with basement helium generation of 3 164.04×108 m3, accounting for 95.99% of the total helium generation. (3) Regarding main controlling factors for enrichment, Precambrian and Changcheng system in the study area serve as main helium sources, with Upper Paleozoic helium source rocks as back-up. Facilitated by deep and large faults in the basin, a dual-source helium supply model of “dominant deep sources and auxiliary Upper Paleozoic sources” has been formed. Deep and large faults are the key pathways connecting deep helium sources, while the strong dilution effect on helium production caused by the hydrocarbon generation of Upper Paleozoic source rocks is the core factor leading to the differential accumulation of helium between the south and the north.

Key words: helium, crust-derived helium, helium source rock, deep and large faults, hydrocarbon generation dilution, Precambrian, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig. 1

Geographical location of Yanchang exploration area (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column (b), Ordos Basin"

Table 1

Statistics of helium content of Paleozoic in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

地区 样品数/个 ϕ(氦气)/%
安塞 7 0.046~0.065(0.053)
富县 14 0.012~0.110(0.065)
甘泉 10 0.046~0.091(0.060)
靖边 17 0.016~0.066(0.033)
洛川 4 0.168~0.217(0.191)
清涧 4 0.065~0.110(0.088)
吴起 10 0.009~0.064(0.045)
宜川 6 0.028~0.072(0.053)
志丹 7 0~0.063(0.043)
子长 2 0.040~0.043(0.042)
子洲 3 0.015~0.021(0.018)
定边 7 0~0.078(0.059)

Fig. 2

Planar distribution of helium of Paleozoic in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Table 2

Assessment criteria of helium abundance of Paleozoic in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

ϕ(氦气)/% 频率/% 样品数/个 丰度评价
≥ 0.10 6.5 6 高氦
0.05~0.10 45.1 41 含氦
< 0.05 48.4 44 贫氦

Fig. 3

Histogram of helium content of each layer in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Table 3

Helium volume fraction and sources identification of each layer in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

层位 ϕ(氦气)/% (3He/4He)/10-6 R/Ra 幔源贡献比例/%
石炭系本溪组 0.021~0.188(0.063) 3.60~6.20(4.83) 0.026~0.044(0.034) 0.146~0.383(0.258)
二叠系石盒子组 0.018~0.110(0.066) 2.80~7.00(5.11) 0.020~0.050(0.037) 0.073~0.455(0.283)
二叠系山西组 0.016~0.217(0.059) 2.70~7.50(4.56) 0.019~0.054(0.033) 0.064~0.501(0.233)
奥陶系马家沟组 0~0.168(0.050) 2.80~12.00(5.38) 0.020~0.086(0.038) 0.073~0.911(0.307)

Fig. 4

Zonal features of helium isotope ratios of Paleozoic in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Table 4

Statistics of U and Th mass fractions of different lithologies of Lüliang group of Paleozoic-Upper Archean- Lower Proterozoic, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

岩性 层位 样品数/个 w(U)/10-6 w(Th)/10-6
大理岩 前寒武系吕梁群 3 0.89~4.56(2.39) 0.42~8.80(3.43)
花岗岩 前寒武系吕梁群 1 2.15~2.15(2.15) 5.69~5.69(5.69)
铝土质泥岩 石炭系本溪组 9 3.74~18.09(8.64) 18.05~33.40(23.95)
煤岩 二叠系山西组、太原组 4 0.11~6.18(2.75) 0.50~19.00(7.06)
泥岩 二叠系下石盒子组、山西组、太原组,石炭系本溪组 33 1.81~13.04(4.10) 5.86~25.10(15.11)
片麻岩 前寒武系吕梁群 2 1.39~1.45(1.42) 8.90~10.08(9.49)
砂岩 二叠系下石盒子组、山西组,石炭系本溪组,前寒武系长城系 11 0.99~5.36(2.21) 1.74~14.99(9.89)
碳酸盐岩 二叠系太原组,奥陶系马家沟组 5 0.14~3.90(1.94) 0.08~2.55(0.79)

Fig. 5

U and Th mass fractions (a) and their correlation (b) of each formation in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Fig. 6

Planar distribution of U and Th mass fractions of Lüliang group of Paleozoic-Upper Archean-Lower Proterozoic, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Fig. 7

Core photos of helium source rocks from Upper Paleozoic and basement, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Fig. 8

4He production rates of different lithologies in Lüliang group of Paleozoic-Proterozoic, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Table 5

Helium generation calculation and relevant parameters of Paleozoic and basement in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

岩性 地层 样品数/
年龄/
Ma
w(U)/
10-6
w(Th)/
10-6
面积/
km2
厚度/
m
密度/
(g·cm-3)
孔隙度/
%
生氦量/
(108 m3)


泥岩 二叠系下石盒子组 5 280 3.01 12.91 26 200 47.49 2.60 3.98 6.38
砂岩 4 1.69 6.75 10.89 2.50 6.49 0.74
泥岩 二叠系山西组 17 290 3.84 14.80 103.20 2.90 3.98 18.85
砂岩 3 1.90 8.93 15.87 2.54 5.95 1.40
3 3.62 9.25 1.54 1.30 5.00 0.11
泥岩 二叠系太原组 3 298 5.91 11.92 44.50 2.60 4.70 9.34
1 0.11 0.50 1.90 1.30 5.32 0.01
碳酸盐岩 2 1.21 5.15 6.51 2.70 2.1 0.40
泥岩 石炭系本溪组 8 320 4.65 18.36 36.38 2.95 1.4 9.65
砂岩 2 1.20 5.34 4.41 2.60 5.34 0.27
铝土质泥岩 9 8.64 23.95 3.63 2.65 2.86 1.35
碳酸盐岩 奥陶系马家沟组 3 460 1.36 5.64 8.82 2.70 3.41 9.02
砂岩 前寒武系长城系 2 1 800 3.37 7.78 5 420 500 2.65 5.00 74.61
基底 大理岩 前寒武系吕梁群 6 2 100 4.36 5.83 26 200 5 000 2.85 1.80 3 164.04
花岗岩
片麻岩

Fig. 9

Distribution of bauxite rock thickness of Carboniferous Benxi Formation, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Fig. 10

Matching of deep and large faults and helium content (a) and development of deep and large faults in basement (b) of Yanchang exploration area in Ordos Basin"

Fig. 11

Hydrocarbon generation intensity and its impact on helium of Upper Paleozoic source rocks in Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

Fig. 12

Helium accumulation model of Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin"

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