Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1-11.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260401

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Natural gas accumulation conditions in Jurassic-Paleogene of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin and exploration discovery of well Lutan-1

XUE Jianqin1,2,3(), MA Feng4(), LONG Guohui2,3, SUN Xiujian4, WANG Aiping4, ZHU Shifa1, WU Yunzhao2, YOU Renzong2   

  1. 1 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2 PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China
    3 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Saline-Lacustrine Basinal Oil & Gas Geology, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China
    4 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest (NWGI), PetroChinaLanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-12 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: MA Feng E-mail:xjqqh@petrochina.com.cn;mafeng@petrochina.com.cn

Abstract:

Recent deployed well Lutan-1 in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin has achieved successive breakthroughs in Jurassic Dameigou Formation sandstone and Paleogene Lulehe Formation, revealing significant exploration potential for lithologic gas reservoirs in the slope-sag belt of this region. Based on the whole petroleum system accumulation theory, geological conditions and main controlling factors of natural gas accumulation were systematically analyzed, and the direction for further exploration was clarified. The results show that: (1) Major hydrocarbon-generating sags such as Yibei Sag are well preserved, and Jurassic coal-measure source rocks widely distributed, with large thickness and high maturity, providing abundant gas sources for natural gas accumulation. (2) Controlled by paleo-gully and slope-break geomorphology, Paleogene Lulehe Formation and Jurassic Dameigou Formation developed large area sandstone reservoirs in the slope zone, forming sand-rich belts. Lulehe Formation mudstone and Jurassic Dameigou Formation mudstone are efficient regional caprocks, while the regional unconformity at Paleogene base serves as a key migration pathway, jointly controlling the continuous accumulation of sandstone reservoirs in the stable slope. The breakthrough of well Lutan-1 marks a shift in exploration strategy from uplift to slope-sag zones in this area, confirming the accumulation model of “unconformity network migration, near-source efficient charging, high-quality caprock sealing, and paleo-geomorphology controlling sandstone enrichment”, which is conducive to the exploration and study of the whole petroleum system for coal-measure gas in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin. (3) According to the new exploration concept of “moving down slope and into sags, searching for gas near sources”, four major paleo-slope zones on the periphery of Yibei Sag have great exploration potential and may be the key areas for future large-scale reserves expansion.

Key words: lithologic gas reservoir, coal-measure gas, paleogeomorphology, slope-sag zone, near source accumulation, Lulehe Formation, Dameigou Formation, Jurassic, well Lutan-1, northern margin of Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.12

Fig. 1

Division of tectonic location of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Jurassic-Paleogene (b)"

Fig. 2

Distribution of Jurassic source rocks in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Table 1

Characteristics of main source rocks from Jurassic in Yibei Sag of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

层位 岩性 厚度/m 分布面积/km² TOC/
%
生烃潜量/(mg·g-1) 评价
小煤沟组
(J1x)
湖沼相炭质
泥岩、含煤
320 5 308.00 2.70~21.20 9.30~81.30 主力气源岩
湖西山组二段(J1h2) 湖相暗色
泥岩
480 10 116.00 0.51~6.00 0.49~27.90 好—优
质气源岩
湖西山组一段(J1h1) 湖沼相薄煤
层、炭质泥岩
350 8 673.00 > 40.00 102.00~175.00 优质气源岩

Fig. 3

Relationship between maturity and burial depth of Jurassic source rocks in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 4

Reservoir physical properties of Jurassic Dameigou Formation in well Lushen-1 of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 5

Overlay diagram of paleogeomorphology of Ⅳ sand group at the bottom of Paleogene Lulehe Formation and Jurassic thickness, Maxian area in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Table 2

Characteristics of main reservoir-caprock assemblages of Paleogene Lulehe Formation-Jurassic in well Lutan-1 in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

层系 储-盖组合 岩性特征 地震响应特征 试气情况
古近系
路乐河组
第一套 盖层 辫状河三角洲平原亚相泛滥平原泥岩、砂质泥岩,厚度为8~12 m 中等振幅,连续波峰反射 4 484.0~4 504.0 m,8 mm
油嘴,4 097.0~16 834.0 m3/d
储层 辫状河三角洲平原分流河道砂体,孔隙度为6.00%~19.20%,渗透率为0.30~10.00 mD,厚度为5~20 m 中强振幅,连续波谷反射
第二套 盖层 辫状河三角洲平原亚相泛滥平原泥岩、砂质泥岩,
厚度为6~10 m
中强振幅,连续波峰反射 显示良好
储层 辫状河三角洲平原分流河道砂体厚度为4~15 m 中强振幅,连续波谷反射
侏罗系 第一套 盖层 扇三角洲平原泛滥平原泥岩,厚度为78m 中强振幅,2套波峰 +
波谷反射
4 842.0~4 850.0 m,5 mm
油嘴,稳定60 635.0 m3/d
储层 扇三角洲平原分流河道砂体,孔隙度为1.74%~9.70%,渗透率为0.10~5.90 mD,厚度为5~40 m 中弱振幅,不连续2套波峰 + 波谷反射
第二套 储-盖 扇三角洲平原分流河道砂体与泛滥平原泥岩互层;盖层单层厚度为2~8 m,储层单层厚度为3~16 m 中弱振幅,1套波峰 +
波谷反射
显示良好

Fig. 6

Natural gas migration model of Maxian area in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 7

Comprehensive well logging while drilling and field test photos of well Lutan-1 in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 8

Burial and thermal evolution history of well Lutan-1 in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 9

Hydrocarbon accumulation models of Paleogene Lulehe Formation and Jurassic in Maxian slope area in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 10

Paleostructural map of Jurassic during key period for reservoir formation of the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

Fig. 11

Hydrocarbon accumulation profiles of well Lutan-1 to well T3 in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin"

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