Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 26-37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260103

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Reservoir formation condition and favorable areas optimization of coalbed methane of Jurassic Yaojie Formation in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin

MA Daibing1(), MA Wentao1(), HAN Wenyuan1, CHEN Shangbin2, GUO Xingxing1   

  1. 1 Team 149， Gansu Coalfield Geology Bureau, Lanzhou 730020, China
    2 School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-11-10 Online:2026-01-01
  • Contact: MA Wentao E-mail:1693681390@qq.com;mwt2359@163.com

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Abstract:

Yaojie mining area in Minhe Basin has good exploration potential for coalbed methane. Using drilling, logging, and experimental testing data, the distribution and hydrocarbon generation capacity of coal seams in Yaojie mining area of Minhe Basin were systematically analyzed, and the coalbed methane accumulation condition and accumulation models of Jurassic No. 2 coal seam were clarified, and favorable areas were predicted. The results show that: （1） Yaojie mining area in Minhe Basin has been transformed by multi-stage tectonic movements, forming a coal-controlled fault of “first reverse and then positive”.The sedimentary facies are mainly river-swamp-lacustrine facies, No. 2 coal seam is distributed in a “thick in the east and thin in the west” belt shape and belongs to medium-stage fat coal, with longitudinal thermal evolution degree and vitrinite increa-sing with the increase of burial depth. The coal rock is dominated by semi-dark to semi-bright primary structural coal, with relatively developed pores but poor permeability. （2） The total mass volume of gas in the air-dried basis of No. 2 coal seam in the study area is 6.10-8.78 cm3/g, with an average of 7.53 cm3/g. The mass volume of methane is 1.18-6.72 cm3/g, with an average of 4.46 cm3/g. The gas component is dominated by CH4, CO2 and N2. Vertically, the proportion of CH4 increases as the burial depth increases and temperature-pressure rises. Horizontally, methane content shows a distribution pattern of high-values in the middle (Haishiwan syncline axis) and decreasing towards the north and south. （3） In the study area, the thickness of No. 2 coal seam is relatively large, mostly greater than 10 m, and No. 2 coal seam has a high degree of thermal evolution (Ro up to 1.12%), providing material foundation for coalbed methane enrichment. Vertically, increased vitrinite content and decreased ash content optimize storage conditions. Carbonaceous mudstone/mudstone roof/bed plates, sealed water bodies, boundary fault zones, and Haishiwan syncline jointly ensure the accumulation of coalbed methane. The areas with high thermal evolution degree, sufficient gas source, proximity to syncline core and far away from faults are geological class Ⅰ “sweet spot” zones.

Key words: coalbed methane, middle-low coal rank, thermal evolution degree, syncline core, Yaojie Formation, Jurassic, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin

CLC Number:  TE122.2；P618.13

Fig. 1

Structural location of Yaojie mining area (a), comprehensive stratigraphic column of Jurassic Yaojie Formation (b), and north-south trending cross-section of Yaojie mining area(c), Minhe Basin"

Table 1

Basic parameters of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal seam, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

编号 厚度/m 结构 稳定
程度		 开采
程度		 可采
面积/km2
煤1层 0~0.5/（0.5） 较简单 较稳定 大部分开采 7.1
煤2层 0.8~67.6/（22.2） 较简单 较稳定 大部分可采 30.2
煤3层 0~8.2/（0.9） 较简单 较稳定 局部可采 1.7

Fig. 2

Distribution of thickness (a) and burial depth (b) of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal seam in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Table 2

Microscopic components of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal seam in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

煤矿与
勘查区		 井名 ϕ（镜质组）/
%		 ϕ(惰质组)/
%		 ϕ(壳质组)/
%		 ϕ(黏土)/
%		 ϕ（硫化物矿物）/% ϕ（碳酸盐矿物）/% ϕ（氧化硅类矿物）/% Ro max/%
金河
煤矿		 1002 40.80 42.90 2.00 4.50 0.10 3.40 1.00 0.79
802 34.40 46.40 3.30 0.50 0 8.20 1.20 0.69
803 38.00 39.80 3.40 6.50 0.10 2.70 1.00 0.83
804 38.50 51.70 0.50 0.40 0 3.90 0.10 0.90
验补145 43.50 35.60 2.40 5.70 0.30 0.50 2.00 0.79
902 34.50 45.50 1.10 3.50 0.10 5.80 4.90 0.86
平均值 43.77 40.47 1.81 3.14 0.15 3.59 1.70 0.81
海石湾
煤矿		 HSW01-2V 68.62 26.96 4.42 5.08 0.20 1.02 4.27 0.95
HSW06-3V 62.73 35.35 2.60 2.15 0.20 0.97 11.70 0.97
702 25.70 56.30 3.70 1.30 0 4.00 0.80 0.90
703 33.00 47.80 2.50 3.00 0.10 3.70 0.50 0.90
704 32.60 45.00 2.10 3.00 0 6.60 0.90 0.87
y42 35.70 45.90 3.40 1.20 0 3.30 2.30 0.88
y51 49.00 33.30 2.50 4.30 0.10 2.20 2.80 0.78
平均值 43.91 41.52 3.03 2.86 0.15 3.11 3.32 0.89
韩家户沟
马家台
勘查区		 h001 40.03 48.80 4.33 3.13 0.15 2.63 0.95 0.96
H003 48.45 42.28 2.30 3.50 0.65 3.75 1.45 0.97
h005 37.18 49.69 4.30 4.72 0.22 2.91 1.04 0.99
h305 53.75 41.99 4.27 3.30 0.65 2.99 0.93 0.98
平均值 44.85 45.69 3.80 3.66 0.42 3.07 1.09 0.97

Fig. 3

Distribution characteristics of maximum vitrinite reflectance (a) and its correlation with depth (b) of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 4

Organic matter types of coal rock of Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 5

Scanning electron microscope images of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Table 3

Microscopic fracture parameters of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 6

N2 adsorption/desorption curves (a) and DFT model pore size distribution curves (b) of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Table 4

Gas composition of No. 2 coal seam in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

煤矿与
勘查区		 主要
参数		 ϕ（煤层气成分）/% v(CH4)/
(cm3·g-1）
CH4 CO2 N2 C2—C4
金河
煤矿		 最大值 18.58 90.89 1.26 4.16 1.32
最小值 0.48 43.56 52.86 0 0.05
平均值 8.21 74.33 15.22 2.22 0.15
海石湾
煤矿		 最大值 68.79 90.67 27.91 13.08 6.22
最小值 3.76 18.71 2.32 0 0.17
平均值 23.92 61.43 10.20 7.13 2.62
韩家
户沟
马家台
勘查区		 最大值 43.15 24.70 53.58 11.08 2.05
最小值 22.60 10.03 24.73 4.51 0.18
平均值 32.10 17.77 42.10 8.03 1.15

Fig. 7

Distribution characteristics of methane content (a), isothermal adsorption curves of parameter wells (b), and variation of gas composition with depth (c) of coal rock of No. 2 coal seam in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 8

Correlation of seam thickness and maximum vitrinite reflectance with methane content of No. 2 coal seam in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 9

Burial history of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock in well Bacan 1, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 10

Pore volume distribution of different aperture of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 11

Correlation of methane content with vitrinite content (a) and ash content (b) of Jurassic Yaojie Formation coal rock, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 12

Well-tie section of coal seams in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 13

Schematic diagram of fracture structure composition of ductile shear band in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Table 5

Main ions concentration of formation water of No. 2 coal seam in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Fig. 14

Accumulation models of coalbed methane in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

Table 6

Comprehensive evaluation for favorable areas of coalbed methane of Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin"

指标 参数 Ⅰ类有利区 Ⅱ类有利区 Ⅲ类有利区
生气
条件		 煤层厚度/m > 15 5~15 < 5
煤岩成熟度Ro max/% > 0.8 0.6~0.8 < 0.6
储层
条件		 孔隙度/% > 7 5~7 < 5
渗透率/mD > 0.02 0.01~0.02 < 0.01
煤岩埋深/m > 900 600~900 < 600
割理/裂隙 不发育 少量发育 极发育
保存
条件		 水文地质条件 水动力较弱 水动力较强 水动力强
顶、底部岩性 泥岩 粉砂岩 细砂岩
构造 向斜轴部 斜坡带 断层附近
含气量
与产气
条件		 v(含气）/(cm3·g-1) > 4 2~4 < 2
气井产能/m3 > 1 500 500~1 500 < 500

Fig. 15

Distribution characteristics of geological “sweet spots” for coalbed methane in Jurassic Yaojie Formation, Yaojie area, Minhe Basin"

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