岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 50–62.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250405

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

川北米仓山地区寒武系仙女洞组碳酸盐岩储集特征及主控因素

邢倩1, 李杨凡2, 李翔2,3, 万子千2, 李雅兰2   

  1. 1. 西南石油大学 研究生院, 成都 610500;
    2. 西南石油大学 地球科学与技术学院, 成都 610500;
    3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院, 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-03-24 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 第一作者:邢倩（1985-），女，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事地质学教学与培养方面的工作。地址：（610500）四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号。Email：xing_qian@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 李杨凡（1998-），女，西南石油大学在读博士研究生，研究方向为碳酸盐沉积学方面研究。Email：lyf.mbl@outlook.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“寒武系第二统至芙蓉统浅水沉积记录中的稀土组成特征及演化规律研究”（编号：41872119）和西南石油大学大学生开放实验校级重点项目“汉南—米仓山地区寒武纪早期MICE事件记录及其沉积学意义研究”（编号：2023KSZ02008）联合资助。

Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate rock of Cambrian Xiannüdong Formation in Micangshan area， northern Sichuan Basin

XING Qian1, LI Yangfan2, LI Xiang2,3, WAN Ziqian2, LI Yalan2   

  1. 1. Graduate School of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-03-24 Published:2025-07-05

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摘要： 四川盆地寒武系海相碳酸盐岩普遍发育优质烃源岩和储集层系，其资源潜力长期以来是油气勘探开发的重点。综合应用沉积学和地球化学方法，系统揭示四川盆地北缘寒武系仙女洞组的储集特征及主控因素。研究结果表明：①川北寒武系仙女洞组沉积期发育混积潮坪—台洼—碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系，碳酸盐主导的储集岩类型包括鲕粒灰岩和微生物岩，均受到不同程度白云石化作用；储集空间类型多样，发育粒间（溶）孔、粒内（溶）孔、晶间（溶）孔、溶蚀孔洞、裂缝及生物骨架孔隙等；区域物性数据显示出川北仙女洞组为低孔低渗的孔隙型储层。②川中—川北古裂陷的持续发育和向北迁移，仙女洞组继承了中间（裂陷区）低、两侧高的古地理格局，发育混积潮坪—台洼—碳酸盐岩沉积体系，古裂陷及古隆起的地貌形态控制了有利相带的分布和优质储层的发育。③高能鲕粒滩与微生物礁（丘）的沉积环境是研究区储层发育的物质基础，鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒云岩以及白云岩为相对优质储层，层段分布稳定且横向展布广，保存了少量原生孔隙，且发育大量溶蚀孔隙和晶间孔隙。④多期溶蚀作用和白云石化作用是研究区储层孔隙形成的关键因素，包括同生期大气淡水的溶蚀作用和成岩期孔隙流体的溶蚀作用，形成了粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔以及溶蚀裂缝；白云石化作用也促使了储集空间的形成，包括同生期渗透回流作用形成微晶—细晶他形白云石、浅埋藏混合水环境发育的粉晶菱形白云石选择性交代鲕粒、深埋藏或构造热液环境形成的雾心亮边自形白云石和粗晶曲面白云石，均发育大量孔隙。

关键词: 鲕粒灰岩, 微生物岩, 晶间孔, 溶蚀孔, 古地貌, 颗粒滩, 溶蚀作用, 白云石化作用, 仙女洞组, 寒武系, 米仓山地区, 四川盆地北缘

Abstract: Cambrian marine carbonates in Sichuan Basin host high-quality source rocks and widely develop reservoirs，making resource potential there a key point for hydrocarbon exploration and development. The reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Cambrian Xiannüdong Formation in northern Sichuan Basin were systematically studied through sedimentology and geochemical analyses. The results show that： （1）During the sedimentory period of Cambrian Xiannüdong Formation in northern Sichuan Basin， a sedimentary system of mixed tidal flat-platform depression-carbonate platform was developed. The carbonate dominated reservoir rocks are oolitic limestone and microbial rocks，all of which have undergone varying degrees of dolomitization. The reservoir spaces are intergranular（dissolution）pores，intragranular（dissolution）pores，intercrystalline（dissolution）pores，dissolution pores，fractures，and biological skeleton pores. The regional physical property data show that Xiannüdong Formation in northern Sichuan Basin is a low-porosity and low-permeability porous reservoir.（2）With the continuous development and northward migration of the paleo-rift zone in central and northern Sichuan Basin，Xiannüdong Formation inherited the paleogeographical framework of low in the center（rift zone）and high on both sides，and developed a sedimentary system of mixed tidal flat-platform depressioncarbonate platform. The geomorphology of the paleo-rift and paleo-uplift controlled the distribution of favorable facies zones and the development of high-quality reservoirs.（3）The sedimentary environment of high-energy oolitic shoals and microbial reefs（mounds）is the material foundation for the reservoir formation in the study area. Oolitic limestone，oolitic dolomite，and dolomite are relatively high-quality reservoirs，with stable layer distribution and wide lateral distribution，preserving a small amount of primary pores and developing a large number of dissolution pores and intergranular pores.（4）Multi-stage dissolution and dolomitization are the primary drivers of reservoir space creation in the study area. The dissolution of atmospheric freshwater during the syndiagenetic stage and the dissolution of pore fluids during the diagenetic stage，create intergranular dissolution pores，intragranular dissolution pores，intercrystalline dissolution pores，and dissolution fractures.The formation of microcrystallinefine crystalline anhedral dolomite by syndiagenesis seepage-reflux mechanism，the selective replacement of oolites by powder-crystalline rhombic dolomite developed in shallow-buried mixed-water condition，the fog-centered bright-edged euhedral dolomite and coarse-crystalline saddle dolomite formed in deep buried or tectonic hydrothermal environments， develop a large number of pores and promote the formation of reservoir space.

Key words: oolitic limestone, microbial rock, intercrystalline pores, dissolution pores, paleogeomorphology, granular beach, dissolution, dolomitization, Xiannüdong Formation, Cambrian, Micangshan area, northern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2
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