异重流成因和异重岩沉积特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2018.01.001

岩性油气藏 ›› 2018, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 1–18.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2018.01.001

• 论坛与综述 • 下一篇

异重流成因和异重岩沉积特征

Carlos Zavala^1,2, 潘树新³

1. GCS Argentina, 布兰卡港 B8000JSZ, 阿根廷;
2. 阿根廷国立南方大学地质学系, 布兰卡港 B8000CPB, 阿根廷;
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 兰州 730020

收稿日期:2017-09-18 修回日期:2017-12-18 出版日期:2018-01-21 发布日期:2018-01-21
第一作者:Carlos Zavala (1964-),男,博士,教授,主要从事沉积学方面的教学和科研工作。地址:(B8000JSZ)阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省布兰卡港市(Bahía Blanca),Calle 1320,Florida 1600。Email:czavala@gcsargentina.com。

Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites: Origin and distinctive characteristics

Carlos Zavala^1,2, PAN Shuxin³

1. GCS Argentina, Bahía Blanca B8000 JSZ, Argentina;
2. Geology Department, National University of the South, Bahía Blanca B8000 CPB, Argentina;
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2017-09-18 Revised:2017-12-18 Online:2018-01-21 Published:2018-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河流在洪水期携带大量陆源碎屑，当其入湖或入海后，由于洪水密度大于周围水体的密度，洪水发生下沉并沿盆地底部长距离运移，形成陆源下潜流或异重流。异重流形成的相关沉积岩被统称为异重岩。异重岩通常由一个底部的反粒序单元和一个顶部的正粒序单元组成，反粒序单元反映了异重流能量的逐渐增强，正粒序反映了流体能量的逐渐减弱。异重流以3种方式搬运碎屑颗粒，即底载搬运、悬浮搬运和漂浮搬运。根据搬运方式的不同，异重岩分为3类岩相，即底载成因的B类岩相、悬载成因的S类岩相和漂浮物成因的L类岩相。异重流的沉积充填形成了河道、堤岸和朵叶体3类微相，内部岩相变化极为发育。异重岩的沉积特征虽然典型且较易识别，但是常被误认为是砂质碎屑流、滨岸相、三角洲相或河流相沉积。

关键词: 异重流, 异重岩, 浊流, 深水沉积, 内乌肯盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地, 松辽盆地, 西伯利亚盆地

Abstract: Flooding river discharges a sediment-water mixture having a bulk density that often exceeds that of the water in the receiving water body. Consequently,when these flows enter a marine or lacustrine basin they plunge and move basinward as a land-derived underflow or hyperpycnal flow. Deposits related to hyperpycnal flows are hyperpycnites. Some fine hyperpycnites are composed of an inversely graded(waxing flow)basal unit,followed in transition by a normally graded(waning flow)unit.Three main facies families related to the three main elements that govern the movement of almost all sustained hyperpycnal discharges in marine settings:bedload,suspended load and lofting. These facies categories are here termed as B(bedload related sedimentary facies),S(suspended-load related sedimentary facies)and L(lofting related sedimentary facies). Hyperpycnites include three kinds of depositional elements:channel fill,lobes and levee deposits. Although hyperpycnites display typical and diagnostic characteristics that allow a clear recognition,these deposits are often misinterpreted in the literature as sandy debrites,shoreface,estuarine of fluvial deposits.

Key words: hyperpycnal flows, hyperpycnites, turbulent flow, deep water sedimentary, Neuquén Basin, Ordos Basin, Songliao Basin, Siberian Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

Carlos Zavala, 潘树新. 异重流成因和异重岩沉积特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2018, 30(1): 1–18.

Carlos Zavala, PAN Shuxin. Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites: Origin and distinctive characteristics[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(1): 1–18.

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异重流成因和异重岩沉积特征

Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites: Origin and distinctive characteristics

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