准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组沉积环境及油气地质意义

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260208

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 86–96.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260208

准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组沉积环境及油气地质意义

张红¹^,²^,³(), 邹妞妞¹^,²^,³(), 殷远燕¹^,²^,³, 叶志龙¹^,²^,³

¹ 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院，贵阳 550025
² 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点部实验室，贵阳 550025
³ 贵州省古生物与古环境全省重点实验室，贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2025-09-06 修回日期:2025-11-06 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-01-15
第一作者:张红（2000—），女，贵州大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为矿产普查与勘探。地址：（550025）贵州省贵阳市花溪区贵州大学资源与环境工程学院。Email:2450804061@qq.com。
通信作者: 邹妞妞（1989—），女，博士，副教授，主要从事油气储层地质方面的工作。Email:niuniu9728@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷区下三叠统百口泉组砾岩储层成岩流体演化”(41802174);贵州省科技计划项目“贵州省古生物与古环境全省重点实验室项目”(黔科合平台ZSYS[2024]002)

Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon geological significance of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope, Junggar Basin

ZHANG Hong¹^,²^,³(), ZOU Niuniu¹^,²^,³(), YIN Yuanyan¹^,²^,³, YE Zhilong¹^,²^,³

¹ College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
² Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
³ Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Palaeontology and Palaeoenvironment, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2025-09-06 Revised:2025-11-06 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过岩石主量、微量元素测试，对准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组砂砾岩储层沉积环境、物源特征及其对沉积演化的控制作用进行了探讨。研究结果表明：①准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组储层岩性以灰色—灰绿色砂砾岩为主，填隙物多为泥质，胶结类型以孔隙式为主；粒度概率曲线呈二段式或三段式特征。②准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组物源区构造背景为活动大陆边缘，母岩成分主要为长英质岩石；盆地西北缘三叠系处于大型逆冲推覆断裂带，盆地边缘同生断裂活动强烈，导致哈拉阿拉特山隆升剥蚀，为玛湖凹陷百口泉组提供了充足的碎屑物质。③研究区百口泉组岩石样品的化学蚀变指数（CIA）平均为68.53%，C值平均为0.96，Sr/Cu值平均为2.45，指示其沉积时期气候温暖潮湿；Sr/Ba值平均为0.47，Ni元素平均质量分数为11.41×10^-6，Li元素平均质量分数为19.78×10^-6，显示沉积水体为淡水环境；Mn/Fe值平均为0.06，结合Rb/Zr和Sr/Ba值变化趋势可判断湖盆水体整体较浅，且沉积过程中湖平面持续缓慢上升；U/Th值平均为0.12，Ni/Co值平均为1.8，δU平均为0.54，显示水体环境整体为氧化环境。④研究区百口泉组储层平均孔隙度为9.7%，平均渗透率为0.53 mD，属于低孔、低渗型储层。沉积时期温暖湿润的气候、中等的风化作用、充足的物源供给和浅水的氧化环境均有利于退覆式扇三角洲的大规模发育；由扇三角洲平原沉积逐渐向扇三角洲前缘沉积演变，沉积物粒度具有自下而上逐渐变小的正旋回特征，形成了良好的储-盖组合，为三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积成藏提供了有利的地质条件。

关键词: 砂砾岩, 主微量元素, 物源分析, 温暖潮湿气候, 淡水氧化环境, 扇三角洲, 百口泉组, 下三叠统, 玛北斜坡, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

Based on rock major and trace elements testing, the sedimentary environment, provenance characte-ristics, and their controlling effects on sedimentary evolution of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation glutenite reservoirs in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin were investigated. The results show that: （1） The reservoir lithology of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin is dominated by gray to grayish-green sandy conglomerate. Interstitial materials are mostly argillaceous, with porphyritic cementation as the main cementation type. Grain size probability curves exhibit two-segment or three-segment characteristics. （2） The provenance tectonic setting of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin is an active continental margin. The parent rock composition is mainly felsic rocks. Triassic in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin located in a large thrust nappe fault zone, with intense syndepositional faulting activity at the basin margin, leading to the uplift and erosion of Hala’alat Mountain, which provided sufficient clastic materials for Baikouquan Formation of Mahu Sag. （3） The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) of rock samples from Baikouquan Formation in the study area is 68.53%, the average C value is 0.96, and the average Sr/Cu ratio is 2.45, indicating a warm and humid climate during the deposition. The average Sr/Ba ratio is 0.47, the average mass fraction of Ni is 11.41×10^-6, and the average mass fraction of Li is 19.78×10^-6, showing sedimentary waterbody as freshwater environment. The average Mn/Fe ratio is 0.06, and combined with the variation trends of Rb/Zr and Sr/Ba ratios, it reveals that the lake basin waterbody is generally shallow, with a continuously slow-rising lake level during the deposition. The average U/Th ratio is 0.12, the average Ni/Co ratio is 1.8, and the average value of δU is 0.54, indicating that the overall water environment are oxidizing condition. （4） The average porosity of Baikouquan Formation reservoir in the study area is 9.7%, and the average permeability is 0.53 mD, belonging to a low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir. The warm and humid climate, moderate weathering, sufficient provenance supply, and shallow water oxidizing environment during the deposition period of Baikouquan Formation are all conducive to the large-scale development of retrogradational fan deltas. As the sedimentary facies evolved from fan delta plain to fan delta front, the sediment grain size exhibited a positive cyclothem characteristic of gradual fining from bottom to top, forming a good reservoir-cap assemblage, providing favorable geological conditions for the large-scale fan-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in Triassic Baikouquan Formation.

Key words: glutenite, major and trace elements, provenance analysis, warm and humid climate, freshwater oxidizing environment, fan delta, Baikouquan Formation, Lower Triassic, Mabei slope, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.1

张红, 邹妞妞, 殷远燕, 叶志龙. 准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组沉积环境及油气地质意义[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(2): 86–96.

ZHANG Hong, ZOU Niuniu, YIN Yuanyan, YE Zhilong. Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon geological significance of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope, Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(2): 86–96.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

表1

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷M19井下三叠统百口泉组主量、微量部分元素含量及参数"

样品编号	深度/m	δEu	δCe	(Dy/Sm)_N	w(SiO₂)/ %	K₂O/ Na₂O	Al₂O₃/SiO₂	w(Fe₂O₃ +MgO)/%	SiO₂/ Al₂O₃	Al₂O₃/ TiO₂	F1	F2	ICV	CIW	CIA	C	Sr/Cu	w(碳酸盐)/%	Sr/ Ba	w(Sr)/10^-6	w(Ni)/10^-6	w(Li)/ 10^-6	Mn/ Fe	Rb/Zr	U/Th	Ni/Co	δU
M19-18	3 465.7	0.55	1.15	0.35	63.52	0.92	0.17	3.03	5.76	24.65	1.15	2.99	1.54	69.57	61.02	0.27	6.23	16.12	0.92	71.29	9.22	8.62	0.26	102.05	0.16	2.53	0.65
M19-17	3 466.9	0.57	1.15	0.36	67.22	0.59	0.22	4.63	4.56	24.22	0.48	-0.76	0.82	78.67	72.02	0.99	2.15	4.37	0.24	39.27	11.26	16.36	0.03	164.92	0.16	1.92	0.65
M19-16	3 469.8	0.65	1.06	0.38	58.54	0.98	0.24	3.83	4.23	21.08	2.17	2.33	1.29	75.48	67.36	0.34	3.26	16.19	0.85	94.65	13.77	11.38	0.27	500.61	0.09	2.15	0.44
M19-15	3 469.9	0.64	1.22	0.38	70.14	0.71	0.20	4.30	5.05	18.66	-0.93	-0.25	0.88	77.76	69.71	0.89	2.30	4.36	0.67	46.80	11.44	11.01	0.03	138.20	0.11	1.83	0.48
M19-14	3 470.3	0.68	1.22	0.39	69.52	0.72	0.20	4.24	4.89	16.88	-0.92	-0.003	0.87	77.89	69.82	0.86	2.05	4.37	0.69	53.76	14.49	12.90	0.03	110.10	0.11	1.95	0.50
M19-13	3 470.7	0.67	1.22	0.38	75.95	0.69	0.15	2.06	6.60	23.02	-2.43	0.26	0.80	73.27	65.51	0.45	3.08	3.99	0.52	41.59	9.51	6.35	0.06	102.36	0.11	1.51	0.48
M19-12	3 525.2	0.61	1.10	0.45	64.56	0.98	0.21	5.25	4.84	20.30	0.97	0.74	1.19	73.22	64.73	0.68	3.17	9.45	0.72	64.65	10.12	22.69	0.05	195.18	0.12	1.97	0.53
M19-11	3 525.5	0.49	0.97	0.33	66.22	0.69	0.23	6.81	4.38	23.10	1.64	-1.25	0.95	80.37	72.75	1.47	1.51	4.17	0.38	45.09	10.05	30.18	0.02	156.28	0.10	1.68	0.45
M19-10	3 527.3	0.78	1.15	0.38	73.04	1.12	0.16	4.75	6.14	24.02	-1.60	-0.93	0.96	79.83	68.87	1.14	2.46	3.14	0.05	35.65	7.21	19.78	0.02	220.37	0.13	1.89	0.55
M19-9	3 527.9	0.63	1.17	0.40	61.31	0.88	0.28	8.56	3.57	21.09	3.30	-2.06	0.96	83.17	75.42	1.73	1.24	5.03	0.27	78.76	12.60	38.28	0.02	203.25	0.12	1.11	0.53
M19-8	3 530.2	0.71	1.19	0.38	70.64	1.15	0.19	4.90	5.38	18.15	-1.57	-0.15	0.95	79.73	68.58	1.06	2.49	3.69	0.44	39.70	18.22	12.86	0.02	286.08	0.12	1.87	0.54
M19-7	3 530.3	0.77	1.21	0.39	69.50	1.24	0.20	3.02	4.97	15.60	-2.39	1.42	0.87	76.06	65.54	0.52	2.55	5.39	0.41	61.04	20.25	8.65	0.03	146.39	0.14	2.11	0.58
M19-6	3 534.9	0.57	1.20	0.40	66.99	0.94	0.22	6.58	4.53	26.25	1.19	-1.34	0.93	81.79	72.80	1.48	1.17	3.92	0.45	41.00	8.92	28.18	0.02	86.08	0.14	1.42	0.59
M19-5	3 535.5	0.63	0.95	0.45	63.29	1.00	0.18	5.39	5.46	20.60	2.09	0.85	1.52	73.60	64.99	0.55	3.62	13.59	0.71	52.34	8.91	17.26	0.06	28.42	0.13	1.83	0.56
M19-4	3 536	0.59	1.14	0.40	69.48	0.95	0.19	4.66	5.23	27.29	-0.53	0.74	0.98	75.34	65.53	0.87	1.85	4.57	0.30	38.14	8.41	19.77	0.03	10.58	0.11	1.59	0.50
M19-3	3 536.7	0.63	1.12	0.42	70.60	1.02	0.17	4.48	6.02	22.39	-0.75	0.05	1.11	72.27	63.30	0.75	2.35	6.36	0.24	46.51	8.21	20.32	0.04	137.73	0.11	1.84	0.51
M19-2	3 538.4	0.62	1.13	0.42	65.70	0.72	0.22	7.15	4.47	24.62	2.29	-1.38	1.01	78.44	71.22	1.45	2.00	4.85	0.48	44.89	10.74	35.00	0.03	150.05	0.17	1.56	0.67
M19-1	3 540.2	0.71	1.10	0.42	64.42	0.85	0.24	7.90	4.15	24.08	2.36	-1.69	0.97	82.96	74.40	1.81	0.68	3.65	0.12	49.03	12.13	36.46	0.02	133.92	0.11	1.63	0.50
平均值		0.64	1.13	0.39	67.26	0.90	0.20	5.08	5.01	22.00	0.36	-0.03	1.03	77.19	68.53	0.96	2.45	6.51	0.47	52.45	11.41	19.78	0.06	159.59	0.12	1.80	0.54
最大值		0.78	1.22	0.45	75.95	1.24	0.28	8.56	6.60	27.29	3.30	2.99	1.54	83.17	75.42	1.81	6.23	16.19	0.92	94.65	20.25	38.28	0.27	500.61	0.17	2.53	0.67
最小值		0.49	0.95	0.33	58.54	0.59	0.15	2.06	3.57	15.60	-2.43	-2.06	0.80	69.57	61.02	0.27	0.68	3.14	0.05	35.65	7.21	6.35	0.02	10.58	0.09	1.11	0.44

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

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准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组沉积环境及油气地质意义

Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon geological significance of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope, Junggar Basin

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