岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 24–37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260303

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

吐哈盆地北缘博格达山前二叠系地层划分及其勘探意义

陈旋1(), 郝彬2(), 苟红光1, 张晶2, 徐雄飞1, 杨占龙2, 胡军1, 何昌松1   

  1. 1 中国石油吐哈油田公司 勘探开发研究院新疆 哈密 839009
    2 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-13 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-04-27
  • 第一作者:陈旋(1974—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探综合研究方面的工作。地址:(839009)新疆哈密市伊州区吐哈油田勘探开发研究院。Email:cx168@petrochina.com.cn
  • 通信作者: 郝彬(1986—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事石油地质综合研究方面的工作。Email:330341000@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“准噶尔盆地全油气系统与新领域勘探技术”(2025ZD1400306)

Stratigraphic division of Permian and its exploration significance of Bogda piedmont, northern margin of Tuha Basin

CHEN Xuan1(), HAO Bin2(), GOU Hongguang1, ZHANG Jing2, XU Xiongfei1, YANG Zhanlong2, HU Jun1, HE Changsong1   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Hami 839009, Xinjiang, China
    2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest (NWGI), PetroChina, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2025-12-13 Revised:2026-03-11 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-27

摘要:

通过对吐哈盆地北缘博格达山前二叠系露头孢粉组合、锆石U-Pb年龄及沉积序列的综合分析,对地层归属进行了再认识,恢复了环博格达山周缘芦草沟组/塔尔朗组沉积期岩相古地理,并探讨了该区勘探潜力。研究结果表明:①吐哈盆地北缘照壁山、二塘沟等剖面原划分为塔尔朗组的孢粉组合特征与塔尔朗沟、准东地区塔尔朗组/芦草沟组差异明显,与准东梧桐沟组一致,应修正为梧桐沟组;原归于伊尔稀土组顶部的区域性暗色地层,其沉积序列及火山岩年龄与博格达山周缘芦草沟组可对比,应划分为塔尔朗组;锆石年龄显示为早二叠世,早于以往认为的中二叠世。②塔尔朗组沉积期,博格达山一带为沉积中心,山前带处于咸水半深湖—深湖相—半咸化半深湖环境中,具备形成优质烃源岩的潜力。③吐哈盆地台北凹陷二叠系烃源岩品质较好,尤其是凹陷北部,北部山前带位于生烃中心之上,剩余构造圈闭多,构造楔状体和山前带深层是吐哈老区二叠系含油气系统实现新突破的潜在领域。

关键词: 地层划分, 孢粉组合, 锆石定年, 烃源岩, 芦草沟组, 塔尔朗组, 二叠系, 博格达山, 吐哈盆地

Abstract:

Through comprehensive analysis of palynological assemblages, zircon U-Pb ages, and sedimentary sequences from Permian outcrops in Bogda piedmont on the northern margin of Tuha Basin, the stratigraphic attribution was re-evaluated, the lithofacies paleogeography during the deposition of Lucaogou Formation/Ta’erlang Formation around Bogda mountains was reconstructed, and the exploration potential of the area was discussed. The results show that: (1) The palynological assemblages originally assigned to Ta’erlang Formation in Zhaobishan and Ertanggou sections are significantly different from those of Ta’erlang Formation/Lucaogou Formation in Ta’erlanggou and eastern Junggar Basin, but consistent with those of Wutonggou Formation in eastern Junggar Basin, and thus should be revised as Wutonggou Formation. The regional dark strata originally placed at the top of Yierxitu Formation whose sedimentary sequence and volcanic rock ages can be compared with those of Lucaogou Formation around Bogda mountains, and should be classified as Ta’erlang Formation. Zircon ages indicate Early Permian, earlier than the previously considered Middle Permian. (2) During the deposition of Ta’erlang Formation, Bogda mountains served as the depositional center, and the piedmont zone was in the environment of saline semi-deep-lake to deep-lake facies to half saline semi-deep lake,with the potential to form high-quality source rocks. (3) Permian source rocks in Taibei Sag are of relatively good quality, especially those in the northern part of the sag. The northern piedmont zone lies above the hydrocarbon generation center and contains numerous untested structural traps. The wedge-shaped structures and piedmont deep layer are the prospective areas for new breakthroughs of the mature Permian petroleum system in Tuha Basin.

Key words: stratigraphic division, palynological assemblages, zircon dating, source rock, Lucaogou Formation, Ta’erlang Formation, Permian, Bogda mountains, Tuha Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.34

图1

环博格达山勘探成果及露头位置(a)和吐哈盆地二叠系、三叠系岩性地层综合柱状图(b)"

图2

吐哈盆地北缘二叠系地层宏观特征 (a) 塔尔朗沟露头全貌;(b) 塔尔朗沟露头,大河沿组砾岩;(c) 塔尔朗沟露头,塔尔朗组与大河沿组整合接触,塔尔朗组一段为灰绿色砂砾岩向上过渡为泥岩灰与泥岩互层,大河沿组顶部为紫红色砂砾岩;(d) 塔尔朗沟露头,塔尔朗组二段暗色泥岩夹薄层泥灰岩;(e) 塔尔朗沟露头,塔尔朗组三段与泉子街组分界线,塔尔朗组三段主要为暗色泥岩夹灰绿色薄层灰岩,泉子街组底部为灰色、红褐色砂岩;(f) 塔尔朗沟露头,泉子街组中部典型特征,灰白色砾岩与紫红色泥岩互层,河道下蚀现象常见;(g) 塔尔朗沟露头,泉子街组中部,灰绿色砂砾岩中夹煤线;(h) 塔尔朗沟露头,梧桐沟组为灰色、灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩夹薄层泥灰岩、细砂岩;(i) 天山乡伊尔稀土组剖面,与下覆石炭系呈不整合接触,石炭系为基性火山岩,伊尔稀土组底部为灰紫色凝灰岩;(j) 照壁山剖面,锅底坑组为紫红色、灰绿色砂泥岩不等厚互层,呈“红绿间互”特征,下部夹灰黑色细砂岩;(k) 照壁山剖面,锅底坑组、三叠系韭菜园组、烧房沟组分界线,下三叠统韭菜园组为紫红色砂砾岩与砖红色泥岩互层。"

图3

博格达山东段周缘二叠系典型剖面对比及采样位置(剖面位置见图1a)"

图4

吐哈盆地北缘照壁山剖面二叠系梧桐沟组(原划分为塔尔朗组—梧桐沟组)孢粉特征(据文献[21]修改)"

图5

吐哈盆地北缘库莱剖面二叠系火山灰锆石阴极发光影像"

表1

吐哈盆地北缘库莱剖面伊尔稀土组火山岩之上暗色泥岩地层中凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果"

编号 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma w(元素)/10-6
207Pb/235U σ1 206Pb/238U σ2 207Pb/235U σ3 206Pb/238U σ4 Th U Pb
1 0.324 1 0.015 6 0.046 0 0.000 6 285.00 12 290.00 4 59.5 139.0 7.33
2 0.335 5 0.013 6 0.046 9 0.000 6 294.00 10 295.00 3 89.1 189.0 10.36
3 0.333 9 0.015 7 0.047 2 0.000 6 293.00 12 297.00 3 67.8 152.0 8.27
4 0.315 0 0.013 9 0.047 1 0.000 6 278.00 11 297.00 4 82.9 180.0 9.71
5 0.333 6 0.015 4 0.047 0 0.000 6 292.00 12 296.00 4 52.0 135.0 7.19
6 0.332 6 0.015 6 0.047 4 0.000 6 292.00 12 299.00 4 64.6 160.0 8.64
7 0.306 7 0.014 0 0.045 8 0.000 5 272.00 11 288.00 3 84.0 188.0 9.85
8 0.328 4 0.015 0 0.046 3 0.000 6 288.00 11 292.00 4 62.5 155.0 8.08
9 0.345 6 0.014 5 0.046 8 0.000 5 301.00 11 295.00 3 78.2 177.0 9.47
10 0.321 9 0.014 3 0.047 0 0.000 6 283.00 11 296.00 4 55.4 142.0 7.48
11 0.316 5 0.014 4 0.046 7 0.000 6 279.00 11 294.00 3 81.7 178.0 9.55
12 0.333 6 0.015 0 0.047 2 0.000 6 292.00 11 297.00 4 59.7 149.0 7.95
13 0.304 6 0.012 8 0.046 4 0.000 5 270.00 10 292.00 3 99.6 212.0 11.29
14 0.337 9 0.013 6 0.045 8 0.000 5 296.00 10 289.00 3 93.6 210.0 11.05
15 0.328 0 0.015 6 0.047 5 0.000 7 288.00 12 299.00 4 67.4 178.0 9.54
16 0.334 2 0.018 2 0.047 8 0.000 6 293.00 14 301.00 4 63.5 152.0 8.04
17 0.323 2 0.015 0 0.046 4 0.000 6 284.00 11 292.00 4 81.9 188.0 10.02
18 0.314 5 0.014 4 0.046 9 0.000 6 278.00 11 295.00 4 73.6 161.0 8.63
19 0.350 2 0.016 9 0.047 8 0.000 6 305.00 13 301.00 4 37.9 134.0 7.19
20 0.346 3 0.016 3 0.047 3 0.000 6 302.00 12 298.00 4 72.5 171.0 9.21
21 0.357 0 0.013 5 0.047 9 0.000 6 310.00 10 301.00 4 96.0 177.0 10.04
22 0.314 1 0.015 4 0.047 3 0.000 6 277.00 12 298.00 4 59.0 156.0 8.31
23 0.327 1 0.013 9 0.046 0 0.000 6 287.00 11 290.00 4 64.9 167.0 8.74
24 0.342 9 0.013 7 0.047 5 0.000 6 299.00 10 299.00 4 63.1 160.0 8.73
25 0.331 2 0.013 4 0.047 3 0.000 6 290.00 10 298.00 4 72.2 168.0 9.15
26 0.347 8 0.015 2 0.046 0 0.000 6 303.00 11 290.00 3 81.9 186.0 10.00
27 0.326 9 0.013 7 0.045 7 0.000 6 287.00 10 288.00 3 82.3 183.0 9.75
28 0.330 7 0.016 3 0.046 8 0.000 5 290.00 12 295.00 3 79.7 179.0 9.71
29 0.316 4 0.013 8 0.046 7 0.000 5 279.00 11 294.00 3 84.4 158.0 8.79
30 0.334 8 0.015 6 0.046 2 0.000 6 293.00 12 291.00 3 80.4 171.0 9.25

图6

吐哈盆地北缘库莱剖面二叠系凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄"

图7

吐哈盆地北缘照壁山与库莱剖面二叠系典型特征"

图8

环博格达山周缘二叠系芦草沟组/塔尔朗组沉积期岩相古地理 注:TOC数据为最小值~最大值/平均值。"

图9

博格达山南缘典型井与露头二叠系塔尔朗组泥岩地球化学特征"

图10

吐哈盆地二叠系塔尔朗组典型露头与钻井泥岩萜烷特征"

表2

博格达山周缘二叠系烃源岩综合评价对比"

盆地 凹陷/剖面 TOC/% (S1 + S2)/(mg·g-1 HI/(mg·g-1 类型 Ro/% Tmax/℃ 成熟度 资料来源
准噶尔 吉木萨尔 0.30~10.90/
3.40(122)
0.50~79.40/
15.90(122)
48.40~782.00/
378.10(122)
Ⅱ—Ⅰ 0.60~1.20/
0.80(11)
430~455/
444(122)
低熟—成熟 文献[34]
古城 0.30~19.40/
2.50(68)
0.30~128.80/
7.80(68)
30.70~621.10/
261.00
Ⅱ—Ⅲ 1.00~1.20/
1.10(3)
439~453/
446(68)
成熟 文献[34]
吉南 0.61~28.17/
5.36(135)
1.73~238.30/
30.24
27.00~997.00/
628.00
Ⅰ,Ⅱ1 0.52~0.80/
0.91(135)
439~450/
443
低熟—成熟 文献[33]
阜康断裂带上盘 0.80~20.08/
4.94(18)
2.32~164.40/
28.00(18)
30.00~805.00/
463.00
Ⅱ—Ⅰ 1.11~1.83/
1.56(12)
成熟—高成熟 文献[33]
柴窝堡 1.54~10.78 4.13~54.76 1,Ⅱ2 成熟—高成熟 本文
吐哈 塔尔朗沟 0.68~11.03/
3.96(26)
0.13~45.95/
11.97(26)
18.00~549.00/
208.00
1,Ⅱ2 0.58~0.72/
0.65(26)
437~466/
441(26)
低熟—成熟 本文
照壁山 0.58~3.75/
2.33(5)
0.07~0.20
0.16(5)
4.20~7.80/
5.90(5)
1.72~1.81 528~533/
531(5)
高成熟 本文
照壁山 1.10~4.38/
2.37
0.11~0.93/
0.34
2,Ⅲ 文献[10]
台北南缘 1.67~8.54 1.62~11.11 1.04~1.27/ 成熟 文献[36]
台南 0.17~5.04/
2.26
0.03~7.85/
1.83
12.00~191.00/
106.00
2,Ⅲ 0.64~0.78/
0.71
431~445/
438
低熟—成熟 本文
大南湖 0.50~8.25/
2.58
0.32~18.28/
2.51
25.00~575.00/
112
2,Ⅲ 0.61~0.73/
0.69
435~449
441
低熟—成熟 本文

图11

吐哈盆地二叠系塔尔朗组沉积期构造格局及烃源岩分布"

图12

吐哈盆地北部山前带典型构造样式与陵探1井岩性地层柱状图 (a) 陵探1井6 077~6 115 m处孢粉组合,以侏罗系分子为主;(b) 陵探1井岩性地层综合柱状图;(c) 陵探1井钻前地震剖面(时间域);(d) 2025年部署过陵探1井—山前掩伏带线束三维地震剖面。"

图13

吐哈盆地二叠系含油气系统成藏模式"

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