岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 157–169.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260414

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

三塘湖盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成藏特征及勘探潜力

王敬国1(), 赵正威1, 秦大鹏1, 高磊1, 白帅1, 潘晓飞1, 安庆1, 肖富强1,2,3()   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区地质局 煤田地质中心， 乌鲁木齐 830009
    2 江西省煤田地质勘察研究院， 南昌 330001
    3 关键矿产资源勘查与开发江西省重点实验室， 南昌 330001
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-04 修回日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:王敬国（1972—），男，高级工程师，主要从事地质矿产勘查与研究工作。地址：（830009）新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路155号。Email：293519756@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 肖富强
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划项目“江西省煤层气勘探开发关键技术研发与应用示范”(20252BCF320031);江西省地质局科技研究项目“江西省萍乐坳陷带煤系气综合成藏地质条件评价技术研究”(2024JXDZKJKY04);新疆维吾尔自治区地质局地质科技项目“适用于新疆重点地区煤层气排采工程关键技术研究”(XJGBYP202521)

Accumulation characteristics and exploration potential of Jurassic low-rank coalbed methane in Santanghu Basin

WANG Jingguo1(), ZHAO Zhengwei1, QIN Dapeng1, GAO Lei1, BAI Shuai1, PAN Xiaofei1, AN Qing1, XIAO Fuqiang1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Coalfield Geological Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Geological Bureau， Urumqi 830009， China
    2 Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Survey Institute， Nanchang 330001， China
    3 Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Critical Mineral Resources Exploration and Development， Nanchang 330001， China
  • Received:2026-02-04 Revised:2026-03-19 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: XIAO Fuqiang E-mail:293519756@qq.com;xiaofq1218@163.com

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摘要：

三塘湖盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气资源丰富。以钻井资料和煤岩实验分析资料为基础，系统分析了侏罗系煤层发育特征与煤层气成藏地质条件，明确了煤层气成藏模式和资源潜力，并预测了勘探有利区。研究结果表明：①三塘湖盆地侏罗系发育八道湾组、西山窑组 2 套含煤地层，厚煤层主要发育于汉水泉凹陷、石头梅凸起、条湖凹陷、马朗凹陷、淖毛湖凹陷等聚煤中心；主要为原生结构煤，煤岩有机组分以镜质组为主，惰质组次之；镜质体最大反射率（Ro max）为 0.22%~0.77%，为低阶褐煤和长焰煤。②煤岩储层物性较好，属中等孔隙度、低—中渗透率储层；主要发育介孔，孔径主要为3~10 nm。③研究区煤层气的质量体积为 0.11~7.68 m3/t，气体组分主要为N2、CO2、CH4，其中CH4含量最高，体积分数达到85.50%~91.24%，马朗凹陷、淖毛湖凹陷煤岩含气性条件最好。④研究区顶底板组合类型有顶底泥岩型、顶泥底砂型、顶砂底泥型和顶底砂岩型等4种，顶底泥岩型对煤层气封闭性能最好；煤层气富集模式可分为凹陷滞留富集成藏模式、逆断层岩性封堵成藏模式和凸起径流逸散模式。⑤研究区煤层气资源量为4 750×108 m3，平均资源丰度为0.80×108 m3/km2；条湖凹陷深部、马朗凹陷深部、淖毛湖凹陷深部为煤层气勘探Ⅰ类有利区。

关键词: 煤层气, 低阶褐煤, 长焰煤, 凹陷滞留型, 岩性封堵型, 径流逸散型, 八道湾组, 西山窑组, 侏罗系, 三塘湖盆地

Abstract:

Jurassic low-rank coalbed methane resources are rich in Santanghu Basin. Based on drilling data and coal rocks experimental analysis data， development characteristics of Jurassic coal seam and geological conditions for coalbed methane accumulation were systematically analyzed. Coalbed methane accumulation models and resource potential were clarified， and favorable exploration areas were predicted. The results show that： （1） Two sets of coal-bearing strata， Badaowan Formation and Xishanyao Formation， are developed in Jurassic of Santanghu Basin. Thick coal seams are mainly developed in coal accumulation centers such as Hanshuiquan Sag， Shitoumei Uplift， Tiaohu Sag， Malang Sag and Naomaohu Sag. Coal rocks are mainly primary structure, and organic components of coal rocks are mainly vitrinite， followed by inertinite. The maximum vitrinite reflectance is 0.22%-0.77%， which belongs to low-rank lignite and long flame coal. （2） Coal rock reservoirs have good physical pro-perties and belong to medium porosity and low-medium permeability reservoir， mainly develop mesopores， with pore size ranging from 3 nm to 10 nm. （3） The mass volume of coal methane in the study area is 0.11-7.68 m3/t， and gas components are mainly N2， CO2 and CH4. Among them， the content of CH4 is the highest， with a volume fraction of 85.50%-91.24%. Gas-bearing conditions of coal rock in Malang Sag and Naomaohu Sag are the best. （4） There are four types of top and bottom plate assemblages in the study area， including type of mudstone at top and bottom， type of mudstone at top and sandstone at bottom， type of sandstone at top and mudstone at bottom， type of sandstone at top and bottom. The type of mudstone at top and bottom has the best sealing performance for coalbed methane. Coalbed methane enrichment and accumulation models include sag retention enrichment and accumulation model， reverse fault lithology plugging accumulation model and uplift runoff dissipation model. （5） Coalbed methane resources in the study area are 4 750×108 m3， with an average resource abundance of 0.80×108 m3/km2. Deep parts of Tiaohu Sag， Malang Sag and Naomaohu Sag are Class Ⅰ favorable areas for coalbed methane exploration.

Key words: coalbed methane, low-rank lignite, long flame coal, sag retention type, lithology plugging type, runoff dissipation type, Badaowan Formation, Xishanyao Formation, Jurassic, Santanghu Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.2

图1

三塘湖盆地构造单元划分（a）及侏罗系岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤层分布特征"

图3

三塘湖盆地侏罗系西山窑组煤岩岩心及显微组分特征"

表1

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩煤质参数"

构造单元 ϕ（显微组分） w（工业组分） Ro max
镜质组 惰质组 壳质组 无机物 水分 灰分 挥发分
库木苏凹陷 29.33~89.21/
78.82		 4.35~57.97/
13.65		 0.09~1.41/
0.48		 5.50~23.95/
7.05		 2.98~3.35/
3.23		 13.97~16.90/
15.38		 43.72~50.21/
45.78		 0.44~0.65/
0.52
汉水泉凹陷 0.06~79.97/74.65 8.30~46.69/
14.21		 0~2.66/
0.38		 8.97~27.43/10.76 2.84~4.06/
3.76		 10.73~17.12/14.58 46.25~49.12/47.69 0.22~0.77/
0.53
石头梅凸起 16.27~64.56/54.48 3.40~76.73/
31.10		 0~1.45/
0.33		 7.30~31.25/14.09 3.91~4.42/
4.28		 9.35~15.48/
12.86		 32.53~36.29/34.57 0.48~0.70/
0.58
条湖凹陷 37.26~65.89/55.23 21.12~50.40/32.42 0~0.84/
0.28		 9.44~17.06/12.07 4.26~5.43/
4.69		 11.83~16.71/13.41 40.82~45.46/43.22 0.47~0.77/
0.55
岔哈泉凸起 48.99~61.38/58.44 21.35~37.92/29.85 0~0.82/
0.30		 8.64~16.86/11.41 2.86~6.45/
4.47		 9.40~19.53/
15.62		 45.30~52.19/47.18 0.59~0.66/
0.62
马朗凹陷 27.88~46.98/43.19 41.75~63.22/46.76 0~2.12/
0.42		 6.48~13.36/
9.63		 1.88~4.12/
3.53		 11.45~17.43/14.73 35.23~47.15/45.86 0.35~0.52/
0.40
淖毛湖凹陷 42.37~76.18/72.78 14.86~56.35/19.94 0~1.20/
0.65		 4.60~9.80/
6.63		 1.76~7.00/
4.16		 12.72~22.39/16.16 33.96~42.71/40.34 0.29~0.45/
0.37

图4

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩Ro max与埋深关系"

表2

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩裂隙参数"

构造单元 主裂隙 次裂隙 连
通
性		 裂隙发
育程度
长度/cm 高度/cm 宽度/μm 密度/
（条·cm-1）		 长度/cm 高度/cm 宽度/μm 密度/
（条·cm-1）
汉水泉凹陷 0.03~0.70/0.20 0.02~0.55/0.15 1~75/10 15.0 0.01~0.55/0.15 0.03~0.50/0.10 1~10/5 6.0 中 发育
石头梅凸起 0.01~1.45/0.30 0.01~0.64/0.15 1~55/5 3.1 0.01~1.41/0.25 0.01~0.64/0.15 1~19/2 2.0 差 不发育
条湖凹陷 0.01~2.30/0.30 0.01~1.30/0.23 1~20/4 8.0 0.01~1.50/0.20 0.01~0.80/0.13 1~6/3 4.2 差 较发育
马朗凹陷 0.05~2.10/0.20 0.03~1.00/0.15 1~35/10 13.9 0.01~0.80/0.15 0.03~2.70/0.10 1~14/5 5.0 中 发育
淖毛湖凹陷 0.01~1.80/0.25 0.01~1.40/0.21 1~70/9 12.3 0.01~1.20/0.17 0.01~1.50/0.26 1~11/3 5.4 中 发育

图5

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩N2吸附/脱附与孔径分布曲线"

表3

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤层气组分与含量"

构造单元 取样井 ϕ（煤层气成分）/% v（CH4）/
（m3·t-1）
N2 CO2 CH4 C2+
汉水泉凹陷 STC-1、STC-2、STC-3、
STC-4、STC-6、STC-7		 1.21~20.95/9.95 1.28~11.68/4.36 72.09~95.36/86.44 0~0.48/0.05 0.11~7.32/2.38
石头梅凸起 STC-8 5.09~15.46/12.50 0.90~2.30/1.52 80.90~91.57/85.50 0.31~0.71/0.48 1.30~2.67/1.68
条湖凹陷 STC-9 5.43~12.55/8.79 1.20~2.84/2.13 84.92~90.89/88.61 0.21~0.84/0.48 1.47~2.05/1.66
马朗凹陷 STC-10 2.34~8.89/6.86 0.88~5.68/3.02 83.04~92.08/89.36 0.04~1.52/0.76 3.46~7.27/5.33
淖毛湖凹陷 STC-11、STC-12 1.67~6.56/3.76 1.85~3.69/2.79 86.44~94.81/91.24 0.07~3.22/2.21 3.58~7.68/6.06

图6

三塘湖盆地侏罗系典型井煤岩含气量与埋深相关性"

图7

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩等温吸附曲线"

图8

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤岩顶底板岩石组合类型及特征"

图9

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤层气成藏模式（剖面位置见图1a）"

表4

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤层气有利区综合评价"

指标参数 资源条件 储集条件 保存条件
单煤层
厚度/m		 v（含气）/（m3·t-1） 资源丰度/（m3·km-2） 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 裂隙发
育程度		 煤层埋深/m 顶底板
岩性		 构造位置 水动力
Ⅰ类有利区 >10 >4 >1.2 >10 > 2.0 发育 >1 500 泥岩 向斜轴部 弱
Ⅱ类有利区 5~10 2~4 0.8~1.2 6~10 0.5~2.0 较发育 800~1 500 砂质泥岩 斜坡带 较强

图10

三塘湖盆地侏罗系煤层气勘探有利区"

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