岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 26–37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260103

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层气成藏条件及有利区优选

马代兵1(), 马文涛1(), 韩文元1, 陈尚斌2, 郭星星1   

  1. 1 甘肃煤田地质局 一四九队兰州 730020
    2 中国矿业大学 资源与地球科学学院江苏 徐州 221116
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-03 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:马代兵(1969—),男,正高级工程师,主要从事地质勘查、煤层气开发方面的研究工作。地址:(730020)兰州市城关区东岗东路1315号。Email:1693681390@qq.com
  • 通信作者: 马文涛
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展基金项目“甘肃省窑街矿区煤层气地面抽采关键技术研发及应用”(23ZYQA319);甘肃省科技计划项目“民和盆地氦气成藏机理、分布规律与勘探目标优选”(22ZD6G031);以及兰州市青年科技人才创新项目“窑街矿区煤层气产能影响因素及增产策略研究”(2023-QN-45)

Reservoir formation condition and favorable areas optimization of coalbed methane of Jurassic Yaojie Formation in Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin

MA Daibing1(), MA Wentao1(), HAN Wenyuan1, CHEN Shangbin2, GUO Xingxing1   

  1. 1 Team 149Gansu Coalfield Geology Bureau, Lanzhou 730020, China
    2 School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2025-06-03 Revised:2025-08-20 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: MA Wentao E-mail:1693681390@qq.com;mwt2359@163.com

摘要:

民和盆地窑街矿区具有较好的煤层气勘探潜力。利用钻井、测井以及实验测试资料,系统分析了民和盆地窑街矿区的煤层分布特征和生烃能力,明确侏罗系窑街组煤2层煤层气成藏条件及成藏模式,并预测了有利区。研究结果表明:①民和盆地窑街矿区受多期构造运动改造,形成“先逆后正”的控煤断裂;沉积相以河流—沼泽—湖泊相为主,煤2层呈“东厚西薄”带状分布,属中阶肥煤,纵向上热演化程度与镜质组随埋深增加而增加;煤岩以半暗—半亮型原生结构煤为主,孔隙较发育但渗透性较差。②研究区煤2层空气干燥基总含气的质量体积为6.10~8.78 cm3/g,均为7.53 cm3/g,甲烷质量体积为1.18~6.72 cm3/g,平均为4.46 cm3/g,气体成分以CH4、CO2以及N₂为主;纵向上随埋深增加、温压升高,CH4占比增大;平面上甲烷含量呈中部(海石湾向斜轴部)高值、向南北降低的分布格局。③研究区煤2层厚度较大,多大于10 m,且其具有较高的热演化程度(Ro达1.12%),奠定了煤层气富集的物质基础;在纵向上,增大的镜质组含量与降低的灰分含量优化了储集条件;炭质泥岩/泥岩顶底板、封闭水体、边界断裂带及海石湾向斜共同保障了煤层气的成藏。高热演化程度、气源充足、近向斜核部且远离断层的区域为地质Ⅰ类“甜点”区。

关键词: 煤层气, 中低煤阶, 热演化程度, 向斜核部, 窑街组, 侏罗系, 窑街矿区, 民和盆地

Abstract:

Yaojie mining area in Minhe Basin has good exploration potential for coalbed methane. Using drilling, logging, and experimental testing data, the distribution and hydrocarbon generation capacity of coal seams in Yaojie mining area of Minhe Basin were systematically analyzed, and the coalbed methane accumulation condition and accumulation models of Jurassic No. 2 coal seam were clarified, and favorable areas were predicted. The results show that: (1) Yaojie mining area in Minhe Basin has been transformed by multi-stage tectonic movements, forming a coal-controlled fault of “first reverse and then positive”.The sedimentary facies are mainly river-swamp-lacustrine facies, No. 2 coal seam is distributed in a “thick in the east and thin in the west” belt shape and belongs to medium-stage fat coal, with longitudinal thermal evolution degree and vitrinite increa-sing with the increase of burial depth. The coal rock is dominated by semi-dark to semi-bright primary structural coal, with relatively developed pores but poor permeability. (2) The total mass volume of gas in the air-dried basis of No. 2 coal seam in the study area is 6.10-8.78 cm3/g, with an average of 7.53 cm3/g. The mass volume of methane is 1.18-6.72 cm3/g, with an average of 4.46 cm3/g. The gas component is dominated by CH4, CO2 and N2. Vertically, the proportion of CH4 increases as the burial depth increases and temperature-pressure rises. Horizontally, methane content shows a distribution pattern of high-values in the middle (Haishiwan syncline axis) and decreasing towards the north and south. (3) In the study area, the thickness of No. 2 coal seam is relatively large, mostly greater than 10 m, and No. 2 coal seam has a high degree of thermal evolution (Ro up to 1.12%), providing material foundation for coalbed methane enrichment. Vertically, increased vitrinite content and decreased ash content optimize storage conditions. Carbonaceous mudstone/mudstone roof/bed plates, sealed water bodies, boundary fault zones, and Haishiwan syncline jointly ensure the accumulation of coalbed methane. The areas with high thermal evolution degree, sufficient gas source, proximity to syncline core and far away from faults are geological class Ⅰ “sweet spot” zones.

Key words: coalbed methane, middle-low coal rank, thermal evolution degree, syncline core, Yaojie Formation, Jurassic, Yaojie mining area, Minhe Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

民和盆地窑街矿区构造位置(a)、侏罗系窑街组岩性地层综合柱状图(b)与窑街矿区南北走向剖面图(c)"

表1

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层基本参数"

编号 厚度/m 结构 稳定
程度
开采
程度
可采
面积/km2
煤1层 0~0.5/(0.5) 较简单 较稳定 大部分开采 7.1
煤2层 0.8~67.6/(22.2) 较简单 较稳定 大部分可采 30.2
煤3层 0~8.2/(0.9) 较简单 较稳定 局部可采 1.7

图2

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层厚度(a)与埋深(b)分布特征"

表2

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩显微组分"

煤矿与
勘查区
井名 ϕ(镜质组)/
%
ϕ(惰质组)/
%
ϕ(壳质组)/
%
ϕ(黏土)/
%
ϕ(硫化物矿物)/% ϕ(碳酸盐矿物)/% ϕ(氧化硅类矿物)/% Ro max/%
金河
煤矿
1002 40.80 42.90 2.00 4.50 0.10 3.40 1.00 0.79
802 34.40 46.40 3.30 0.50 0 8.20 1.20 0.69
803 38.00 39.80 3.40 6.50 0.10 2.70 1.00 0.83
804 38.50 51.70 0.50 0.40 0 3.90 0.10 0.90
验补145 43.50 35.60 2.40 5.70 0.30 0.50 2.00 0.79
902 34.50 45.50 1.10 3.50 0.10 5.80 4.90 0.86
平均值 43.77 40.47 1.81 3.14 0.15 3.59 1.70 0.81
海石湾
煤矿
HSW01-2V 68.62 26.96 4.42 5.08 0.20 1.02 4.27 0.95
HSW06-3V 62.73 35.35 2.60 2.15 0.20 0.97 11.70 0.97
702 25.70 56.30 3.70 1.30 0 4.00 0.80 0.90
703 33.00 47.80 2.50 3.00 0.10 3.70 0.50 0.90
704 32.60 45.00 2.10 3.00 0 6.60 0.90 0.87
y42 35.70 45.90 3.40 1.20 0 3.30 2.30 0.88
y51 49.00 33.30 2.50 4.30 0.10 2.20 2.80 0.78
平均值 43.91 41.52 3.03 2.86 0.15 3.11 3.32 0.89
韩家户沟
马家台
勘查区
h001 40.03 48.80 4.33 3.13 0.15 2.63 0.95 0.96
H003 48.45 42.28 2.30 3.50 0.65 3.75 1.45 0.97
h005 37.18 49.69 4.30 4.72 0.22 2.91 1.04 0.99
h305 53.75 41.99 4.27 3.30 0.65 2.99 0.93 0.98
平均值 44.85 45.69 3.80 3.66 0.42 3.07 1.09 0.97

图3

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩最大镜质组反射率分布特征(a)及其与深度相关性(b)"

图4

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩有机质类型"

图5

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩扫描电镜图片 (a) 石英微晶,微裂隙宽约5 μm,HSW06-3V井,1 075.20~1 075.57 m;(b) 气孔呈蜂窝状,1~15 μm,HSW06-3V井,1 075.20~1 075.57 m;(c) 片状高岭石充填微孔隙,微孔隙孔径多小于1 μm,HSW06-3V井,1 075.20~1 075.57 m;(d) 微孔隙多小于1 μm,少量1~10 μm,部分被高岭石充填,HSW01-2V井,913.06~914.09 m。"

表3

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩显微裂隙参数"

图6

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩N2吸附/脱附曲线(a)与DFT模型孔径分布曲线(b)"

表4

民和盆地窑街矿区不同煤矿侏罗系窑街组煤2层气体成分"

煤矿与
勘查区
主要
参数
ϕ(煤层气成分)/% v(CH4)/
(cm3·g-1
CH4 CO2 N2 C2—C4
金河
煤矿
最大值 18.58 90.89 1.26 4.16 1.32
最小值 0.48 43.56 52.86 0 0.05
平均值 8.21 74.33 15.22 2.22 0.15
海石湾
煤矿
最大值 68.79 90.67 27.91 13.08 6.22
最小值 3.76 18.71 2.32 0 0.17
平均值 23.92 61.43 10.20 7.13 2.62
韩家
户沟
马家台
勘查区
最大值 43.15 24.70 53.58 11.08 2.05
最小值 22.60 10.03 24.73 4.51 0.18
平均值 32.10 17.77 42.10 8.03 1.15

图7

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤2层煤岩CH4含量分布特征(a)、参数井等温吸附曲线(b)和气体成分随深度变化特征(c)"

图8

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤2层煤岩 CH4含气量分别与厚度、Ro max的相关性"

图9

民和盆地巴参1井侏罗系窑街组煤岩埋藏史图(据文献[7]修改)"

图10

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩不同孔径孔体积分布特征"

图11

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤岩CH4含气量与镜质组含量(a)和灰分含量(b)相关性分析"

图12

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层连井剖面(剖面位置见图1a)"

图13

民和盆地窑街矿区韧性剪切带的断裂结构组成示意图(据文献[7]修改)"

表5

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤2层地层水主要离子浓度"

图14

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层气成藏模式(剖面位置见图1a)"

表6

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层气有利区综合评价"

指标 参数 Ⅰ类有利区 Ⅱ类有利区 Ⅲ类有利区
生气
条件
煤层厚度/m > 15 5~15 < 5
煤岩成熟度Ro max/% > 0.8 0.6~0.8 < 0.6
储层
条件
孔隙度/% > 7 5~7 < 5
渗透率/mD > 0.02 0.01~0.02 < 0.01
煤岩埋深/m > 900 600~900 < 600
割理/裂隙 不发育 少量发育 极发育
保存
条件
水文地质条件 水动力较弱 水动力较强 水动力强
顶、底部岩性 泥岩 粉砂岩 细砂岩
构造 向斜轴部 斜坡带 断层附近
含气量
与产气
条件
v(含气)/(cm3·g-1) > 4 2~4 < 2
气井产能/m3 > 1 500 500~1 500 < 500

图15

民和盆地窑街矿区侏罗系窑街组煤层气地质“甜点”区分布特征"

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