岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 38–52.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260404

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

羌塘盆地侏罗系钾盐成矿潜力及勘探方向

张杰志1,2(), 朱光有1,2, 季长军3, 李茜1,2(), 李欢1,2, 温琛1,2, 高和婷1,2, 郑凯航1,2   

  1. 1 长江大学 地球科学学院， 武汉 430100
    2 南方复杂页岩油气地质与开发湖北省重点实验室， 武汉 430100
    3 中国地质科学院 地质力学研究所， 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28 修回日期:2026-04-21 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:张杰志（2000—），男，长江大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为地质工程。地址：（430100）湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号。Email:geozhangjiezhi@126.com。
  • 通信作者: 李茜
  • 基金资助:
    国家深地重大专项项目“羌塘盆地特深科学钻探选址研究”(2024ZD1001005);国家自然科学基金项目“羌塘盆地强改造条件下层序地层研究”(2025ZD1400701-03);地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项项目“羌塘盆地深部结构探测与构造演化”(2025ZD1004600);油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室（长江大学）开放基金项目“高精度Mg同位素约束热液白云石化流体迁移动力学机制”(K2025-08);陕西省煤田地质集团项目“羌塘盆地特深科学钻探选址研究”(SMDZ-2022ZD-8)

Metallogenic potential and exploration direction of Jurassic potash in Qiangtang Basin

ZHANG Jiezhi1,2(), ZHU Guangyou1,2, JI Changjun3, LI Xi1,2(), LI Huan1,2, WEN Chen1,2, GAO Heting1,2, ZHENG Kaihang1,2   

  1. 1 School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
    2 Hubei Key Laboratory of Complex Shale Oil and Gas Geology and Development in Southern China, Wuhan 430100, China
    3 Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2026-02-28 Revised:2026-04-21 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: LI Xi E-mail:geozhangjiezhi@126.com;geolixi@126.com

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摘要：

基于文献调研，对羌塘盆地侏罗系成盐条件与控制因素、钾盐分布规律、盐构造与油气的耦合关系进行了系统梳理，并对勘探部署进行了展望。研究结果表明：①羌塘盆地侏罗系海相蒸发岩的形成主要受物源补给、干旱气候与封闭构造环境的耦合控制，海水供给和陆源输入构成主要物质来源；特提斯构造域演化背景下的封闭—半封闭沉积环境、干旱气候条件，提供了良好的成盐环境；特提斯构造运动驱动导致的构造活动控制盐类的时空展布。②研究区侏罗系钾盐分布规律为“构造-沉积控制—物质蒸发浓缩—古气候驱动”模式，纵向上，侏罗系夏里组与索瓦组为最主要的成盐潜在层系；平面上，海相钾盐的重要成钾潜力区主要位于北羌塘坳陷南缘，安多县西北部的大型蒸发岩台地相区、盆地内盐泉集中发育带，以及半岛湖—普若岗日底隆起区及其周缘的大型凹陷是海相钾盐资源的重要勘探区。③研究区盐构造与油气资源存在沉积共生、封盖保护、储层改造以及构造驱动多方面关联，盐构造既可为油气运移提供通道，也能形成有效油气圈闭，盐类的分布格局对盐上、盐间、盐下3类成藏单元起着控制作用。④研究区钾盐研究可聚焦蒸发岩沉积体系与物源演化、晚期构造改造对盐类的保存机制，并推进“油钾兼探”一体化研究。

关键词: 钾盐, 盐构造, 油钾兼探, 蒸发岩, 沉积共生, 成矿潜力, 资源调查, 侏罗系, 羌塘盆地

Abstract:

Based on comprehensive literature review, conditions and controlling factors of salt-forming, distribution patterns of potash deposits, and the coupling relationship between salt structures and hydrocarbon accumulation of Jurassic in Qiangtang Basin were systematically examined, and exploration deployment was discussed. The results show that: （1） The formation of Jurassic marine evaporites in Qiangtang Basin was primarily controlled by the coupling of material supply, arid climate, and restricted tectonic settings. Seawater influx and terrigenous input constituted the principal sources of salt-forming materials. Restricted to semi-restricted depositional environments associated with the evolution of the Tethyan tectonic domain, together with arid climate, provided favorable conditions for salt-forming, while tectonic movements related to Tethyan evolution governed the spatiotemporal distribution of salt deposits. (2) The distribution pattern of Jurassic potash in the study area follows the model of “tectono-sedimentary control-material evaporation and concentration-paleoclimate-driving”. Vertically, Jurassic Xiali Formation and Suowa Formation represent the most prospective potash-bearing stratigraphic intervals. Laterally, the most favorable areas for marine potash mineralization are located along the southern margin of North Qiangtang Depression. The large evaporite-platform facies belt in northwestern Anduo county, salt-spring concentration development zones within the basin, and the Bandaohu-Puruogangri basement uplift and its adjacent large sags are exploration targets for marine potash resource. （3） Salt structures and hydrocarbon resources in the study area exhibit multiple levels of interaction, including depositional paragenesis, sealing protection, reservoir modification, and structural control. Salt structures can not only provide migration pathways for oil and gas, but also form effective hydrocarbon traps. Distribution patterns of salt deposits exert a fundamental control on hydrocarbon accumulation within suprasalt, intrasalt, and subsalt petroleum systems. (4) Potash research in the study area can focus on the evolution of evaporite depositional systems and sediment sources, mechanisms controlling salt deposits preservation under late stage tectonic modification, and promote research of “integrated exploration for hydrocarbons and potash resources”.

Key words: potash, salt structure, integrated exploration for hydrocarbon and potash resources, evaporites, depositional paragenesis, mineralization potential, resource investigation, Jurassic, Qiangtang Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

图1

羌塘盆地侏罗系构造图（据文献[29-31]修改）"

表1

羌塘盆地侏罗系地层划分与对比（据文献[18,38-41]修改）"

地层 北羌塘 南羌塘
系 统 组 岩性简述 厚度/m 构造-沉积层序 组 岩性简述 厚度/m 构造-沉积层序
侏
罗
系		 上
统		 索瓦组 泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩、介壳
灰岩、泥岩夹石膏		 284~1 228 海相沉积层系 索瓦组 深灰色泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩、
灰绿色泥岩夹粉—细砂岩		 1 677 海相沉积层系
中
统		 夏里组 砂泥岩、泥灰岩、泥云岩、
夹石膏		 214~679 海相沉积层系 夏里组 深灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，
夹中—细砂岩条带		 842 海相沉积层系
布曲组 泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩、介壳
灰岩夹泥岩和石膏层		 125~356 海相沉积层系 布曲组 灰黑色泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩、泥岩夹
介壳、砂屑鲕粒灰岩		 1 085 海相沉积层系
下
统		 雀莫
错组		 砾岩、砂砾岩、砂岩夹灰黑色泥岩、介壳灰岩、膏岩层 499~931 海相沉积层系 色哇组 泥晶灰岩、粉砂质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹细砂岩、钙质页岩夹少量粉砂岩 1 158 海相沉积层系
曲色组 灰黑色钙质页岩、泥页岩夹
粉砂质泥岩、泥灰岩、粉砂岩		 1 537 海相沉积层系

图2

北羌塘中生界—新生界岩性地层综合柱状图（据文献[18,37-38]修改）"

图3

羌塘盆地侏罗系硬石膏形态（据文献[17,29-30,49]修改）"

图4

羌塘盆地侏罗系盐泉与石膏的地球化学特征"

图5

羌塘盆地侏罗系古地磁数据（据文献[70]修改）"

图6

羌塘盆地侏罗系钾盐潜在富集模式（据文献[18,69,79-80]修改）"

图7

羌塘盆地雁石坪剖面侏罗系不同地层单元A-CN-K三元投图（据文献[55]修改）"

图8

羌塘盆地侏罗系具有成盐条件的优势圈闭构造特征（据文献[102]修改）"

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