岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 10–22.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260502

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

吐哈盆地台北凹陷前侏罗系烃源岩演化特征及油气成藏过程

陈旋1(), 杨斌2, 张华1,3(), 苟红光1, 胡军1, 付国斌1, 郝彬4, 程祎1   

  1. 1 中国石油吐哈油田公司 勘探开发研究院， 新疆 哈密 839009
    2 中国石油吐哈油田公司 勘探事业部， 新疆 哈密 839009
    3 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院， 北京 102249
    4 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院， 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-22 修回日期:2026-04-13 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:陈旋（1974—），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事油气勘探综合研究。地址：（839009）新疆哈密市石油基地中国石油吐哈油田公司勘探开发研究院。Email:cx168@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 张华
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”科技创新领军人才支持项目“北疆地区二叠系超级盆地全油气系统地质理论研究与战略接替领域优选”(2022TSYCLJ0070);中国石油油气和新能源分公司科技项目“吐哈及外围盆地风险勘探领域、目标研究及现场试验”(编号2026YQXN10110);中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项“深地煤层气成藏理论与效益开发技术研究”(2023ZZ18)

Pre-Jurassic source rock evolution features and hydrocarbon accumulation process in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin

CHEN Xuan1(), YANG Bin2, ZHANG Hua1,3(), GOU Hongguang1, HU Jun1, FU Guobin1, HAO Bin4, CHENG Yi1   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Hami 839009, Xinjiang, China
    2 Exploration Division of Tuha Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Hami 839009, Xinjiang, China
    3 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum （Beijing）, Beijing 102249, China
    4 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest （NWGI）， PetroChina， Lanzhou 730020， China
  • Received:2025-12-22 Revised:2026-04-13 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: ZHANG Hua E-mail:cx168@petrochina.com.cn;yjyzhh@petrochina.com.cn

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摘要：

吐哈盆地台北凹陷受大型楔入体构造格局控制，前侏罗系深层－超深层油气成藏过程复杂。以台北凹陷LT1井埋深4 700 m以下前侏罗系为研究对象，利用TOC含量分析、热解、饱和烃色谱质谱及油气碳同位素分析，对烃源岩进行评价，明确了油气来源；通过包裹体测温分析、盆地模拟，恢复台北凹陷前侏罗系烃源岩热演化及油气成藏过程。研究结果表明：①台北凹陷前侏罗系发育上三叠统黄山街组泥岩、下侏罗统下八道湾组煤系源岩及中二叠统桃东沟群泥岩3套中—好烃源岩，下八道湾组煤系烃源岩及桃东沟群源岩已进入高成熟—过成熟演化阶段，生烃潜力更优。②研究区前侏罗系原油主要来源于台北凹陷北部山前深洼区桃东沟群湖相泥岩；天然气为煤型气与油型气的混合气，主要由下八道湾组煤系烃源岩贡献。③大型楔入体的发育显著改造了研究区构造演化、埋藏史与烃源岩热演化进程，形成3期油气成藏与调整过程。中侏罗世桃东沟群烃源岩大规模生烃，油气向深洼区近源的低幅度构造聚集，或沿断裂及滑脱层向高部位运聚；侏罗纪末楔入体发育，部分先期油气在地层楔入时发生运移调整，聚集于八道湾组储层，伴随少量桃东沟群油气充注；地层楔入后，下八道湾组烃源岩埋深加大，在早白垩世大规模生烃，天然气向八道湾组致密储层充注。

关键词: 大型楔入体, 深层—超深层, 烃源岩演化, 油气源对比, 致密砂岩储层, 油气成藏, 八道湾组, 前侏罗系, 吐哈盆地

Abstract:

Taibei Sag in Turpan-Hami Basin is controlled by the structural framework of a large-scale wedge body, the pre-Jurassic deep to ultra-deep strata feature complex hydrocarbon accumulation process. Taking the pre-Jurassic strata with burial depth greater than 4 700 m in well LT1 of Taibei Sag as the research object, based on TOC content analysis, rock-eval pyrolysis, saturated hydrocarbon chromatography-mass spectrometry and hydrocarbon carbon isotope analysis, source rocks were evaluated and hydrocarbon origins were clarified. The thermal evolution of pre-Jurassic source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation processes in Taibei Sag were reconstructed through fluid inclusion thermometry and basin modeling. The results show that: （1） Three sets of mode-rate to good source rocks,such as Upper Triassic Huangshanjie Formation mudstone, Lower Jurassic Lower Ba-daowan Formation coal-measure rocks, and Middle Permian Taodonggou Group mudstone, are developed in pre-Jurassic strata of Taibei Sag. Lower Badaowan Formation coal-measure rocks, and Middle Permian Taodonggou Group mudstone have entered the high-mature to over-mature evolution stage, with better hydrocarbon generation potential. （2） In the study area, pre-Jurassic crude oil is mainly sourced from Taodonggou Group lacustrine mudstone in the deep sub-sag of the northern piedmont of Taibei Sag. Natural gas is a mixture of coal-type gas and oil-type gas, which is predominantly contributed by Lower Badaowan Formation coal-measure source rocks. （3） The development of the large-scale wedge body has significantly modified the tectonic evolution, burial history and thermal evolution process of source rocks in the study area, forming three episodes of hydrocarbon accumulation and adjustment. In Middle Jurassic, source rocks of Taodonggou Group generated hydrocarbons on a large-scale, and hydrocarbons accumulated in near-source low-amplitude structures in the deep sub-sag, or migrated to higher positions along faults and detachment layers. At the end of Jurassic, the wedge body deve-loped, part of the early accumulated hydrocarbons migrated and adjusted during the wedging formation, and accumulated in Badaowan Formation reservoirs, with minor hydrocarbon charging from Taodonggou Group. After wedging, increased burial depth of Lower Badaowan Formation source rocks induced large-scale gas generation in Early Cretaceous, and natural gas charged into tight reservoirs of Badaowan Formation.

Key words: large-scale wedge body, deep and ultra-deep strata, source rock evolution, petroleum-source correlation, tight sandstone reservoir, hydrocarbon accumulation, Baodaowan Formation, pre-Jurassic, Turpan-Hami Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122

图1

吐哈盆地LT1井区构造位置（a）及前侏罗系岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

吐哈盆地LT1井区前侏罗系楔入体构造样式（剖面位置见图1a中AA'） 注：P2td. 中二叠统桃东沟群；P3wt. 上二叠统梧桐沟组；T2k. 中三叠统克拉玛依组；T3hs. 上三叠统黄山街组；J1b. 下侏罗统八道湾组；J2x. 中侏罗统西山窑组；J2q. 中侏罗统七克台组。"

图3

吐哈盆地LT1井区构造演化剖面（剖面位置见图1a中BB'）"

图4

吐哈盆地LT1井区黄山街组（a）、下八道湾组（b）烃源岩有机质丰度及生烃潜力特征"

图5

吐哈盆地LT1井区黄山街组（a）、下八道湾组（b）烃源岩HI-Tmax交会图"

图6

吐哈盆地台北凹陷烃源岩生物标志化合物色谱图（图6a根据文献[2]修改） 注：TIC为总离子流色谱图；m/z 217为甾烷特征离子；m/z 191 为萜烷特征离子。"

图7

吐哈盆地LT1井黄山街组（T3hs）砂岩抽提物及下八道湾组（J1b）原油生物标志化合物色谱图"

图8

吐哈盆地LT1井前侏罗系原油、砂岩抽提物与烃源岩生物标志物特征对比"

图9

吐哈盆地LT1井天然气成因类型鉴别图版"

图10

吐哈盆地台北凹陷LT1井前侏罗系天然气碳同位素特征及油气-烃源岩成熟度对比 注：原油成熟度使用甲基菲指数拟合计算[39-40]，数据来源于油田资料。"

图11

吐哈盆地LT1井及深洼区虚拟井埋藏史-生烃演化史"

图12

吐哈盆地LT1井前侏罗系储层包裹体特征 （a）—（b）早期包裹体，切穿颗粒裂隙中，绿色荧光，三叠系克拉玛依组，5 514.8~5 514.9 m；(c)—(d) 晚期包裹体，切穿颗粒与方解石微裂隙中，蓝色荧光，二叠系梧桐沟组，5 514.8~5 514.9 m注：TR为透射光，UV为紫外光。"

图13

吐哈盆地LT1井前侏罗系储层埋藏史-热史-烃源岩演化史-流体充注"

图14

吐哈盆地LT1井前侏罗系关键阶段成藏模式"

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