Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 120-131.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260310

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Geochemical characteristics and enrichment rule of natural gas in Ordovician of Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin

GOU Zhepei1(), WEI Qianqian1, YAN Xueqi1, LONG Hui2, LU Jiaxun2, GAO Xuanbo1,3(), TANG Yinhai4, TAN Xianfeng1,3   

  1. 1 School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
    2 Shunan Gas Mine, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Luzhou 646001, Sichuan, China
    3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Oil & Gas Exploration and Development, Chongqing 401331, China
    4 Chongqing Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Group Inspection and Test Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400700, China
  • Received:2025-12-01 Revised:2025-12-25 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-06

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Abstract:

In recent years, natural gas resources have been successively discovered in marine carbonate rocks of Ordovician Honghuayuan Formation (O1h) and Baota Formation (O2b) in Weiyuan area of Sichuan Basin, which shows favorable exploration potential. Based on integrated analyses of composition and carbon isotopes of natural gas, source rock features, fluid inclusion characteristics and burial-thermal evolution, the origin of natural gas and hydrocarbon charging episodes in the study area were determined, and hydrocarbon accumulation models along with its controlling factors for Ordovician natural gas were explored. The results show that： （1） Ordovician O1h and O2b natural gases in Weiyuan area exhibit high dryness coefficient, with an average value of 0.995 8，and belong to over-mature oil-type gas, they are mixed gases derived from both kerogen cracking and crude oil cracking, formed at different stages but from the same source. The carbon isotope reversal in the natural gas primarily results from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and over-mature background. Hydrocarbon source rocks of Є1q serve as the main hydrocarbon supply layers for the natural gas in O1h and O2b. Є1q source rocks have medium-good quality, with an average total organic carbon (TOC) of 1.90% and a mean hydrocarbon generation potential (S1 + S2) of 0.27 mg/g. The organic matter type is Type I, indicating over-maturity, with Ro of 2.74%-3.28% and Tmax of 397-499 ℃. （2） In the study area, O1h and O2b formed paleo-oil reservoirs and paleo-gas reservoirs during Late Permian and Early Cretaceous, respectively. After the Himalayan orogeny, gas reservoirs underwent structural adjustment, forming structural-stratigraphic-lithological composite reservoirs controlled by large-scale anticline and strike-slip fault system. Reservoir rocks developed in upper O1h and O2b predominantly composed of dolomite, while the lower Є1q supplied hydrocarbons, forming a hydrocarbon accumulation model of “lower-generation and upper-storage”. （3） Hydrocarbon accumulations of Ordovician O1h and O2b are mainly controlled by the quality of dolomite reservoirs, and the migration capacity of strike-slips and reverse faults. The “sweet spots” for natural gas enrichment are overlapping zones of high parts of anticlinal traps and the faults along the aulacogen margin.

Key words: oil-type gas, carbon isotope, strike-slip fault, aulacogen, Qiongzhusi Formation, Honghuayuan Formation, Baota Formation, Ordovician, Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122

Fig. 1

Structural location of Ordovician Baota Formation top surface (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Lower Paleozoic (b) in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Table 1

Natural gas composition of Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

井名 层位 ϕ(组分)/% 干燥系数 ln（C1/C2） ln（C2/C3）
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 CO2 N2 H2S
威201 志留系龙马溪组 97.91 0.59 0.021 0.88 0.62 — 0.993 8 5.11 3.34
威201 志留系龙马溪组 97.85 0.66 0.029 0.97 0.59 — 0.993 0 5.00 3.12
威201 志留系龙马溪组 97.59 0.52 0.022 1.06 0.61 — 0.994 5 5.23 3.16
威201 志留系龙马溪组 98.51 0.51 0.021 0.45 0.67 — 0.994 6 5.26 3.19
威201 志留系龙马溪组 96.89 0.68 0.023 0.57 2.14 — 0.992 8 4.96 3.39
威201 志留系龙马溪组 99.14 0.46 — 0.42 — — 0.995 4 — —
威201 志留系龙马溪组 98.64 0.42 0.016 0.38 0.64 — 0.995 6 5.46 3.27
威201 志留系龙马溪组 97.43 0.49 0.021 0.49 1.51 — 0.994 8 5.29 3.15
威寒1 奥陶系宝塔组 96.56 0.52 — 1.68 — 0.68 0.994 6 5.22 —
威97 奥陶系宝塔组 96.21 0.57 — 1.58 — 0.50 0.994 1 5.13 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 97.45 0.47 — 1.58 — 0.46 0.995 2 5.33 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 92.95 0.36 0.003 3.69 — 0.73 0.996 1 5.55 4.67
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 91.12 0.41 0.006 1.43 — 2.59 0.995 5 5.40 4.23
威探1H 奥陶系红花园组 90.23 0.22 0.002 0.08 — 1.07 0.997 5 6.01 4.97
威探1H 奥陶系红花园组 91.24 0.25 0.002 0.07 — 1.22 0.997 2 5.90 5.10
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.19 0.34 — 1.04 2.25 — 0.996 5 5.65 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.61 0.36 — 1.13 1.79 — 0.996 3 5.59 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.29 0.32 — 1.26 1.96 — 0.996 7 5.71 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.52 0.33 — 1.21 1.82 — 0.996 6 5.68 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.39 0.36 — 1.09 2.08 — 0.996 3 5.59 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.62 0.35 — 1.13 1.82 — 0.996 4 5.62 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 96.55 0.32 — 1.31 1.79 — 0.996 7 5.71 —

Table 2

Carbon isotope composition of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

井名 层位 δ13C/‰
C1 C2 C3
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -37.55 -37.78 —
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -36.65 -37.73 -33.26
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -36.69 -37.67 —
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -35.94 -40.67 -41.86
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -36.71 -40.95 -42.56
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -36.78 -42.75 —
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -35.88 -40.06 —
威201 志留系龙马溪组 -36.12 -36.60 -35.20
威寒1 奥陶系宝塔组 -33.22 -37.67 —
威97 奥陶系宝塔组 -31.61 -36.41 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 -31.78 -34.29 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 -32.26 -33.45 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 -31.41 -33.57 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 -32.14 -34.29 —
威93 奥陶系宝塔组 -32.52 -36.76 —
威探1H 奥陶系红花园组 -33.54 -34.82 —
威探1H 奥陶系红花园组 -32.78 -35.69 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -34.91 -35.68 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -35.41 -36.89 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -34.43 -38.54 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -34.51 -39.45 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -33.57 -39.11 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -33.74 -37.46 —
威201 寒武系筇竹寺组 -34.58 -38.02 —

Fig. 2

Crossplot of δ13C1 vs. δ13C2 of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 3

Genetic identification of kerogen cracking and crude oil cracking of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 4

Carbon isotope composition of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 5

Carbon isotope composition and genetic identification of methane, ethane, and propane of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 6

Carbon isotope composition and gas-source identification of natural gas from Lower Paleozoic in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 7

Crossplot of organic matter abundance and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks from Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 8

Source rocks maturity of Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 9

Photos of thin sections and cores from Ordovician reservoir in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 10

Photos of saline water inclusions from Ordovician of well Weihan-102 in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 11

Distribution of homogenization temperatures of Ordovician reservoir in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 12

Burial and thermal history (a) and Ro simulation curves （b） of Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation-Ordovician in Weiyuan area， Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 13

Hydrocarbon accumulation models of Ordovician in Weiyuan area, Sichuan Basin"

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