Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 107-119.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260309

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin

XU Zhongfan1(), DING Xiong1(), YIN Hong2, TIAN Yunying2, SONG Yi1, YANG Xiran1,3   

  1. 1 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
    2 Northwest Sichuan Gas Mine, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, Jiangyou 621000, Sichuan, China
    3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-01-09 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-10

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Abstract:

Based on data，such as logging, core, thin section, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury injection, sedimentary facies, reservoir characteristics, and main controlling factors of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area of northwestern Sichuan Basin were analyzed, favorable exploration areas were further delineated. The results show that: （1） Sedimentary characteristics of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuang-yushi area of northwestern Sichuan Basin are generally characterized by an evolution from a marine continental transitional facies (shoreline-shallow sea) to a terrestrial delta-alluvial fan system. Sandstone reservoirs are dominated by light-gray fine to medium grained feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone. And the storage space is mainly intergranular/intragranular dissolved pores, with an average porosity of 5.13% and an average permeability of 0.420 mD. Overall, it belongs to a medium low porosity and low-permeability reservoir. The conglomerate are mainly brownish gray carbonate conglomerate, with underdeveloped pores and a small number of fractures. （2） Sedimentary facies is one of the main controlling factors of reservoirs, forming the initial porosity of rocks. Relatively high-quality reservoirs are mainly distributed in high-energy microfacies, such as distributary channels in fan delta front, mouth bars, and nearshore-foreshore, while conglomerate reservoirs are mainly distributed in high-energy channel sedimentary microfacies near provenance. Compaction and cementation reduce reservoir space, while dissolution contributes to reservoir improvement. （3） Relatively high-quality sandstone reservoirs are mainly concentrated in delta front-plain channel sand bodies in the second member of Xujiahe Formation. Local beach bars/nearshore sand bodies in the first member of Xujiahe Formation, and local front sand bodies in the third member of Xujiahe Formation are with good quality.

Key words: sandstone reservoir, carbonate conglomerate reservoir, sedimentary facies, diagenesis, pore-throat structure, tight gas, Xujiahe Formation, Upper Triassic, Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122

Fig. 1

Tectonic location of Shuangyushi area (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (b), northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 2

Sedimentary facies of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Table 1

Depositional systems and sedimentary facies classification of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

沉积体系 沉积相 亚相 微相
冲积扇 冲积扇 扇中 辫状河道、辫状河道间
扇缘 漫流沉积、洪泛平原
三角洲 扇三角洲 扇三角洲平原 辫状分流河道、分流间平原
辫状河
三角洲		 辫状河三角洲
平原		 辫状分流河道、分流间平原
辫状河三角洲
前缘		 水下分流河道、河口坝、
分流间湾
滨岸—
浅海		 滨岸—
浅海		 近滨—前滨 滨岸砂坝
浅海 滩坝砂、浅海泥
冲溢扇 冲溢扇砂、泥坪

Fig. 3

Sandstone classification of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 4

Photographs of typical cores from sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 5

Pore types and their proportion of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 6

Microphotos of core thin sections of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 7

Porosity-permeability correlation of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 8

SEM images of sandstone reservoirs from the second member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Table 2

Core mercury injection parameters of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

储层类型 排驱
压力/MPa		 中值喉道
半径/μm		 最大汞
饱和度/%		 退汞效率/%
砂岩 0.11~4.12（1.09） 0.04~0.13（0.08） 85.49~98.47（92.99） 41.46~58.66（51.92）
砾岩 5.73~22.79（13.66） 0.03~0.10（0.07） 76.89~92.81（87.76） 42.40~47.56（44.80）

Fig. 9

Core mercury injection curves of sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs from Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Table 3

Comparison of reservoir characteristics between sandstone and conglomerate of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

储层特征 岩性 孔隙类型 裂缝发育 孔渗关系 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 孔喉结构
砂岩 浅灰色中—细粒长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩为主 以粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔为主 构造缝、层间缝
为主，分布频率
为10%		 孔渗关系较好，决定系数R2 = 0.416 1 1.30~11.40 0.021~1.380 连通性较好，以管束状喉道、缩颈状喉道为主的孔喉配置关系
砾岩 褐灰色中—细粒碳酸盐质砾岩 以粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔为主 溶蚀缝、微裂缝
为主，分布频率
为37%		 孔渗关系较差，决定系数R2 = 0.089 5 0.82~7.20 0.001~0.620 连通性差，以细喉-不连续喉道为主，可能具有狭缝（片状）通道特征，局部受裂缝控制

Fig. 10

Comparison of average porosity (a) and permeability (b) of sedimentary microfacies of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Table 4

Comparison of main genetic types and characteristics of sand (gravel) bodies of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

储层类别 砂（砾）体成因类型 岩性 沉积构造 GR响应特征 垂向序列
砂岩 辫状分流河道砂体 以浅灰色中—细粒砂岩为主 底冲刷面，块状构造，向上变为交错层理、平行层理 底突变，箱形或钟形，叠加呈中—
高幅的圣诞树形或齿化箱形		 向上变细
水下分流河道砂体 以浅灰色中—细粒砂岩为主 底冲刷面，块状构造，向上变为交错层理、平行层理 底突变，箱形或钟形，叠加呈中—
高幅的齿化箱形		 向上变细
河口坝砂体 以浅灰色细粒砂岩为主，下部为粉砂岩 底冲刷面，含砾块状砂岩，大—中型板状、槽状交错层理，平行层理 底突变，钟形或箱形，叠加呈中—
高幅的圣诞树形或箱形		 向上变粗
砂质滩坝砂体 以浅灰—灰白色泥质粉、细砂岩为主 低角度的板状、槽状交错层理，楔状交错层理，下部为砂纹层理 顶突变，漏斗形或指形，具外收敛
前积式组合		 向上变粗
砾岩 辫状河道砂（砾）体 以褐灰色砾岩、浅灰色细砂岩为主 块状构造
底突变，箱形或钟形，叠加呈中—
高幅的圣诞树形或齿化箱形		 向上变细
漫流沉积砂（砾）体 以浅灰色细砂岩、褐灰色砾岩为主 块状构造，向上变为交错层理、
平行层理

Fig. 11

Microfacies sedimentary characteristics and logging responses of sandstone and conglomerate of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 12

Microphotos of typical diagenesis of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Table 5

Relative contents of clay mineral of sandstone from the second member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in well Y1, Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

序
号		 深度/m w(黏土矿物)/% 间层比/
S（%）
伊利
石（I）		 伊蒙
混层
（I/S）		 蒙皂
石（S）		 高岭
石（K）		 绿泥
石（C）
1 4 312.03~4 313.08 79 — — — 21 —
2 4 314.91~4 315.36 69 — — — 31 —
3 4 315.90~4 316.35 30 — — — 70 —
4 4 327.70~4 328.16 72 — — — 28 —
5 4 328.59~4 328.75 60 21 — — 19 10
6 4 329.16~4 329.60 65 — — — 35 —
7 4 330.18~4 330.43 73 — — — 27 —
8 4 331.15~4 331.40 29 — — — 71 —
9 4 334.85~4 335.27 54 — — — 46 —
10 4 336.77~4 337.85 56 6 — — 38 10
11 4 340.12~4 340.58 60 — — — 40 —

Fig. 13

Diagenetic stages division and diagenetic events of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 14

Burial history and pore evolution of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

Fig. 15

Favorable exploration areas for sandstone and conglomerate reservoirs of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Shuangyushi area, northwestern Sichuan Basin"

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doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.009
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