Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 23-37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260403

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics and main controlling factors of Permian Qipan Formation reservoirs in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin

HUANG Qiao1, LUO Shunshe2,3(), ZHANG Liang1, HUANG Li1, GUO Kang3, ZHU Liye1, NAN Junwu3   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
    2 Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100， China
    3 School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • Received:2026-01-17 Revised:2026-02-24 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: LUO Shunshe E-mail:lss8061069@163.com

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Abstract:

Based on field outcrops and detailed characterization of key single wells, combined with thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, physical property analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry, the characteristics of Permian Qipan Formation clastic reservoirs of Kekeya area in southwestern Tarim Basin were systematically analyzed, classified and evaluated, and the main controlling factors governing reservoir development were clarified. The results show that: （1） Qipan Formation of Kekeya area develops a depositional system of braided-river delta plain, delta front, and shallow-marine mixed shelf from southeast to northwest. Five microfacies are recognized, including delta-plain distributary channels and interdistributary bays, as well as delta-front subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bars, and subaqueous interdistributary bays, which correspond to five types of sedimentary reservoirs. （2） The five types of sedimentary reservoirs of the study area exhibit significant differences in petrological characteristics, physical properties, reservoir space, and pore structure. The subaqueous distributary channel reservoir is predominantly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstone, with the lowest lithic fragment content, the highest degree of sorting and rounding, large thickness, and the best physical properties and pore structure, classified as type Ⅰ high-quality reservoir. The interdistributary bay and subaqueous interdistributary bay reservoirs are mainly composed of lithic sandstones, with higher lithic fragment content, the poorest compositional and textural maturity, small thickness, and the worst physical properties and pore structure, clasified as type Ⅲ poor reservoirs. The distributary channel and mouth bar reservoirs display intermediate thickness, physical properties, and pore structure,which are between type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and clasified as type Ⅱ reservoir. （3） The development and distribution of reservoirs in the study area are jointly controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. Depositional hydrodynamic conditions determine the material basis and macro-distribution patterns of reservoir development, while diagenesis modulates pore evolution. The favorable reservoirs of subaqueous distributary channel developed under high-energy and stable hydrodynamic conditions, are primarily distributed in the northwestern part of the study area.

Key words: sedimentary microfacies, clastic reservoir, braided river delta front, subaqueous distributary channel sand body, diagenesis, Qipan Formation, Permian, Kekeya area, southwestern Tarim Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.24

Fig. 1

Tectonic units division of Kekeya structural belt (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Permian-Carboniferous (b)， southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 2

Sedimentary reservoir characteristics of Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 3

Well-tie of sedimentary facies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 4

Paleo-flow direction during the sedimentary period of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 5

Plane distribution of sedimentary facies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 6

Ternary diagram of mineral composition of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 1

Comparison of petrology characteristics of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

沉积微相 ϕ(矿物成分)/% 结构特征
石英 长石 岩屑 粒度 分选系数 磨圆度
水下分流
河道		 36.5~52.7/
45.3(23)		 26.8~38.9/
30.2(23)		 10.5~29.9/
24.5(23)		 以细砂为主，体积分数51.0%；
其次为中砂，体积分数25.5%		 0.31~0.64/
0.40(20)		 以次圆—次棱状为主，数量占比68.2%，其次为次圆状，
数量占比31.8%
分流河道 32.4~52.2/
42.2(27)		 14.5~34.8/
19.2(27)		 25.5~37.4/
38.6(27)		 以中砂为主，体积分数51.0%；
其次为细砂和粗砂，
体积分数39.2%		 0.32~0.70/
0.52(31)		 以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比68.2%；其次为次圆—次棱状，数量占比37.2%
河口坝 38.2~51.5/
43.7(22)		 12.5~33.8/
31.6(22)		 22.5~36.3/
24.7(22)		 以粉砂为主，体积分数52.6%；
其次为细砂和极细砂，
体积分数47.4%		 0.23~0.63/
0.44(26)		 以次圆—次棱状为主，数量占比64.3%；其次为次棱—次圆状，数量占比32.2%
分流
河道间		 14.5~53.2/
37.6(25)		 4.9~22.8/
12.8(25)		 34.3~74.7/
49.6(25)		 以粉砂为主，体积分数85.7%；
其次为极细砂，体积分数14.3%）		 0.24~0.71/
0.56(30)		 以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比72.5%；其次为次棱状，
数量占比24.8%
水下分流
河道间		 19.8~64.2/
40.1(27)		 8.4~23.8/
14.7(27)		 27.7~62.1/
45.2(27)		 以粉砂为主，体积分数70.6%；
其次为极细砂，
体积分数29.4%		 0.21~0.68/
0.49(24)		 以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比69.3%；其次为次棱状，
数量占比28.6%

Fig. 7

Physical property characteristics of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 2

Characteristics of storage space of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

砂岩类型 孔隙类型占比/% 微裂
缝占比/%		 面孔率/%
原生粒间孔 粒间溶孔 粒内溶孔 铸模孔 微孔隙+晶间孔
水下分流
河道砂岩		 14.40 70.50 5.03 7.86 0.13 2.08 2.30~10.20/
5.10(31)
分流河道
砂岩		 17.47 73.80 4.37 3.60 — 0.76 0.30~6.30/
3.10(30)
河口坝
砂岩		 14.83 75.29 3.78 5.52 — 0.58 0.40~3.20/
1.60(21)
水下分流
河道间砂岩		 10.60 67.55 17.88 1.32 — 2.65 0.10~1.90/
0.50(30)
分流河道间砂岩 5.13 71.79 20.51 0.86 — 1.71 0.10~1.70/
0.30(32)

Fig. 8

Microscopic characteristics of reservoir space of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 3

Pore structure features of reservoirs from diffe-rent sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

沉积
储层		 岩石
类型		 平均排驱压力/MPa 平均中值压力
/MPa		 平均孔喉半径
/μm		 平均最大进汞饱和度/% 样品数量/个
水下分流
河道储层		 岩屑长石砂岩 0.242 2.628 0.771 87.954 4
分流河道
储层		 长石岩屑砂岩 1.540 12.211 0.146 75.052 4
河口坝
储层		 岩屑长石砂岩 4.535 33.098 0.058 71.293 3
水下分流
河道间储层		 岩屑
砂岩		 7.080 115.466 0.057 60.026 3
分流河道间储层 岩屑
砂岩		 9.712 103.070 0.020 66.696 3

Fig. 9

Mercury intrusion curves of sandstone samples from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 4

Classification evaluation indicators of reservoirs of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

储层
类型		 沉积
微相		 厚度/
m		 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 面孔率/% 排驱压力/MPa 孔喉半径/μm
Ⅰ类 水下分流
河道		 8.96 10.23 8.35 5.13 0.240 0.770
Ⅱ类 分流河道 4.74 9.00 1.51 3.05 1.540 0.150
河口坝 2.36 6.67 0.89 3.20 4.540 0.060
Ⅲ类 水下分流
河道间		 1.18 4.41 0.11 0.50 7.080 0.060
分流
河道间		 0.95 3.35 0.09 0.37 9.710 0.020

Fig. 10

Distribution characteristics of reservoir profiles of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 11

Plane distribution characteristics of reservoir of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 12

Box plots of sand-stratum ratio (a) and sandstone thickness (b) of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 13

Sedimentary structural characteristics of reservoirs of Permian Qipan Formation of typical sections of Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 14

Box plots of porosity (a) and permeability (b) of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 15

Correlation of porosity and permeability with Ф value of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 16

Correlation of felsic mineral content(a) and clay mineral content (b) with porosity of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Fig. 17

Correlation between reservoirs interstitial material content and porosity of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 5

Quantitative calculation formulas for porosity of reservoirs of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

孔隙度演化参数 计算公式 符号注解
分选系数 S0=（D25/D75）½ D25、D75分别为粒度累计频率曲线上25%处、75%处的粒径大小，mm
原始孔隙度 Φ1 = 20.91 +（22.90/S0）
压实后剩余孔隙度 Φ2 = PM（P1 + P2）/PT + C PM为样品实测孔隙度，%；P1、P2、PT分别为剩余粒间孔面孔率、胶结物
溶蚀面孔率、总面孔率，%；C为胶结物质量分数，%
压实作用损失孔隙度 Φ3 = Φ1-Φ2
压实作用孔隙度损失率 F1 = Φ3/Φ1×100%
压实-胶结后剩余孔隙度 Φ4 = PMP1/PT
胶结作用损失孔隙度 Φ5 = Φ2-Φ4
胶结作用孔隙度损失率 F2 = Φ5/Φ1×100%
溶蚀作用增加孔隙度 Φ6 = PMP3/PT P3为溶蚀孔面孔率，%

Fig. 18

Characteristics of diagenesis in rock thin sections of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

Table 6

Diagenesis parameters of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

沉积储层 原始孔隙度/% 压实后孔隙度/% 压实减孔率/% 视压实率/% 胶结后孔隙度/% 胶结减孔率/% 视胶结率/% 溶蚀增孔率/%
水下分流
河道储层		 32.12~39.14
（35.05）		 10.68~18.09
（14.14）		 15.87~23.09（20.91） 46.73~67.19
（59.68）		 1.14~15.86
（8.92）		 2.05~9.55
（5.21）		 5.24~29.32
（15.1）		 1.08~2.30
（1.76）
分流河道
储层		 37.43~68.69
（58.16）		 7.49~25.76
（18.79）		 28.73~47.90
（40.21）		 61.99~80.43
（68.73）		 1.02~13.01
（7.66）		 6.47~14.28
（11.13）		 16.89~22.09
（18.81）		 0.61~1.78
（1.13）
河口坝储层 16.12~31.78
（26.57）		 4.13~14.67
（9.05）		 11.99~20.12
（17.52）		 53.19~74.35
（66.55）		 0.20~9.86
（4.56）		 3.22~5.39
（4.49）		 14.09~24.39
（17.15）		 1.12~1.67
（1.47）
水下分流
河道间储层		 15.23~25.63
（20.18）		 3.39~7.55
（5.37）		 11.44~18.08
（14.81）		 69.56~82.36
（73.54）		 0.10~2.01
（1.00）		 3.29~6.30
（4.37）		 17.11~24.58
（21.51）		 0.69~0.91
（0.79）
分流河道间
储层		 15.32~27.41
（22.57）		 3.00~7.49
（5.49）		 12.32~20.08
（17.08）		 72.63~80.41
（75.98）		 0.03~0.99
（0.39）		 2.79~6.60
（5.10）		 18.23~26.74
（22.41）		 0.21~0.45
（0.35）

Fig. 19

Correlation of rigid mineral composition content (a) and ductile mineral composition content (b) with apparent compaction rate of reservoirs from different sedimentary microfacies of Permian Qipan Formation in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin"

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