Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 54-66.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260305

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics and lower limit of movable pore throat of shale reservoir of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin

JIANG Long1,2(), CHENG Ziyan1,2,3(), SUN Hongxia1,2, LIU Zupeng1,2, LI Zhongxin1,2,4, TIAN Xuanhua5, PENG Linxiong5, ZHU Li5   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield CompanyDongying 257015, Shandong, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
    3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    4 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong,China
    5 School of Petroleum Engineering (Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province for Unconventional Energy), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-01-27 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-03-17

Abstract:

There are abundant shale oil and gas resources in the lower third member of Shahejie Formation (Es3) in Paleogene of Bonan subsag of Bohai Bay Basin. By various testing methods such as core observation, casting thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, high pressure mercury injection, nuclear magnetic resonance and elastic depressurization mining simulation, petrological characteristics and microscopic pore structure characteristics of shale reservoirs in the study area were clarified, and the lower limit of movable pore throat under ideal conditions and elastic depressurization mining conditions was determined. The results show that: (1) Shale sedimentary structures of the lower Es3 in Bonan subsag are mainly laminated, layered-laminated, layered and weakly laminated, accounting for 22.12%, 19.67%, 52.80% and 5.38%, respectively. Dominant lithofacies are laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone, layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone and laminated cryptocrystalline calcareous mudstone, accounting for 33.30%, 13.20% and 17.70%, respectively. The mineral composition is mainly composed of 4 types: carbonate minerals, felsic minerals, clay minerals, and pyrite, with carbonate minerals as the main component and with the volume fraction of nearly 50%. (2) Pore types of shale matrix are mainly intergranular pores and intercrystallite pores. Overall physical properties of the reservoir are poor, dominant lithofacies have an average porosity of 3.50%-4.00% and permeability mainly ranging from 0.010 mD to 0.100 mD. Differences of average porosity and permeability among different dominant lithofacies are relatively small. Pore throat connectivity and fluid availability of laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous mudstone reservoirs are better. (3) Lower limits of movable pore throat for three dominant lithofacies in the study area are as follows: layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone > laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone > laminated cryptocrystalline calcareous mudstone. Under ideal conditions, the lower limit of movable pore throat of shale reservoir is less than 10.00 nm. Under the condition of elastic depressurization mining, the lower limit of movable pore throat in shale reservoir can be increased by nearly one order of magnitude. Among them, the lower limit of movable pore throat in layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone can reach 35.52 nm.

Key words: shale oil, reservoir characteristics, pore structure, lower limit of movable pore throat, the third member of Shahejie Formation, Paleogene, Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.23

Fig. 1

Regional location of Bonan subsag (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation (b), Bohai Bay Basin"

Table 1

Sedimentary structure types and characteristics of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

构造类型 构造组成 构造特征 厚度/mm 矿物组成
纹层状 以泥质和灰质纹层为主,少量有机质富集层 纹层表现为明显的明暗相间层理,以平直状为主,部分呈脉状、透镜状延伸,水平层理紧密排列,相邻层差异明显 < 1 灰质纹层为隐晶和亮晶方解石2种晶体结构组成;泥质纹层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石组成
层—纹层状 泥质层和灰质层 表现为灰暗相间的层理,层理界线清晰但不连续,呈灰白色脉状、波状或条带状延伸,有机质、生物碎片等呈定向排列 1~100 灰质层以隐晶方解石为主,部分为亮晶方解石;泥质层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、
黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石组成,
颗粒粒径较小,一般为3~10 μm
层状 泥质层 薄片及扫描电镜下均表现为基本无层理,且无明显的定向结构 > 100 主要由均匀的石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石等组成
弱纹层状 泥质层和灰质层 纹层表现为灰暗相间层理,层理界线不清晰且不连续,呈不连续的灰白色脉状、透镜状延伸,有机质、生物碎片等呈定向排列 1~100 灰质层由隐晶方解石组成;泥质层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石
和少量白云石组成

Fig. 2

Sedimentary structure of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 3

Mineral microscopic characteristics of shale reservoir of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Table 2

Components of main minerals in dominant lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin %"

岩相 ϕ(方解石) ϕ(黏土矿物) ϕ(长英质矿物) ϕ(黄铁矿)
纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩 50.0~70.0 10.0~25.0 8.0~30.0 1.1~3.5
层状隐晶泥质灰岩 50.0~70.0 10.0~20.0 15.0~25.0 1.0~4.0
纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩 15.0~50.0 10.0~50.0 10.0~40.0 2.0~6.0

Fig. 4

Microscopic characteristics of different pores in shale of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 5

Porosity- permeability plot of shale oil reservoirs of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 6

High-pressure mercury intrusion curves of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Table 3

Mercury intrusion parameters of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

岩相 样品
数/块
排驱
压力/MPa
孔喉半径/nm 分选
系数
最大进汞饱和度/% 退汞
效率/%
中值压力/MPa
纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩 28 16.5 9.2 1.1 69.5 39.3 109.5
层状隐晶
泥质灰岩
16 14.5 8.3 1.2 74.5 33.0 115.0
纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩 5 21.7 7.2 1.2 75.4 42.6 99.6
平均 16.4 8.7 1.2 71.7 37.6 110.0

Fig. 7

Nuclear magnetic resonance curves of dominant lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in well Yiye 1-2VF in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 8

J function curves of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 9

Average capillary pressure curves of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 10

Distribution curves of cumulative permeability contribution of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 11

Pore throat radii conversion between mercury intrusion and nuclear magnetic resonance of dominant shale lithofacies of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 12

Joint testing results of nuclear magnetic resonance and centrifugal experiments of dominant shale of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 13

Results of elastic depressurization mining simulation of layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 14

Methods for determining lower limit of movable pore throat radii of layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin"

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