Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 63-76.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260406

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Rock physics modeling method for overpressure reservoirs of Miocene Huangliu Formation in Ledong slope, Yinggehai Basin

CHEN Hao1,2(), HUANG Handong1,2(), ZHANG Tieming3, CUI Gang4, PENG Jiahui1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting， China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    2 College of Geophysics， China University of Petroleum (Beijing)， Beijing 102249， China
    3 Science & Technology Information Department， CNPC Greatwall Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101， China
    4 No. 1 Production Plant， PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company， Renqiu 062550， Hebei， China
  • Received:2025-10-17 Revised:2025-12-26 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: HUANG Handong E-mail:ch19up@163.com;webhhd@163.com

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Abstract:

Existing rock physics models cannot accurately characterize the variation of elastic parameters in overpressure reservoir, which limits the precision of overpressure reservoir characterization. Taking overpressure re-servoirs of Miocene Huangliu Formation in Ledong slope of Yinggehai Basin as an example, a multi-porosity rock physics model for overpressure reservoirs was proposed, and its application performance was analyzed. Based on the proposed model, the influence factors of elastic parameters in overpressure reservoirs were analyzed, and a rock physics template incorporating formation effective stress and porosity parameters were established. The results show that: （1） The multi-porosity overpressure rock physics modeling method is proposed based on the multi-porosity theory by comprehensively considering effects of soft pores, stiff pores, and bound-water. By introducing the formation pressure coefficient and effective stress into the pore-space stiffness theory, and employing a gradient-based optimization algorithm to adaptively optimize pore aspect ratios, the model captures the variation of elastic parameters with effective stress under complex pore structures. （2） The predicted P-wave and S-wave velocities of Huangliu Formation in Ledong slope area by this model are in high agreement with well logging interpretations, with prediction errors below 8%. Compared with conventional models, the proposed model achieves the best fitting performance, with the highest R2 values of 0.920 and 0.937, respectively. （3） In overpressure reservoirs, rock elastic parameters are jointly controlled by five factors, including effective stress, soft-pore proportion, clay content, bound-water porosity, and movable-fluid porosity. In overpressure formations, with increasing pore pressure and decreasing effective stress, the P-wave to S-wave velo-city ratio (vp/vs) increases. Compared with sandstone, mudstone exhibits lower velocity and higher vp/vs values. The vp/vs ratio is the sensitive parameter for distinguishing sandstone from mudstone in overpressure clastic reservoirs. In the study area, the discriminant threshold of vp/vs for sandstone and mudstone is approximately 1.64 in the normal-pressure section, and 1.70-1.75 in the overpressure section. （4） The sandstone reservoir distribution predicted by the vp/vs section inverted on the basis of the proposed multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model is basically identical with the gas logging interpretation conclusion.

Key words: overpressure formation, effective stress, elastic parameter, pore-space stiffness, soft-pore proportion, rock physics modeling, rock physics template, Ledong slope, Yinggehai Basin

CLC Number: 

  • P631

Fig. 1

Structural units of Ledong slope (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Cenozoic (b), Yinggehai Basin"

Table 1

Correspondence between soft/stiff pores and conventional pore types"

对照项 传统孔隙类型划分 本文孔隙类型划分
分类依据 孔隙成因与几何形态（粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔、微裂缝等） 孔隙纵横比及其在有效
应力作用下的力学响应
核心判据 孔隙尺度、形态与成因 压力敏感性与压缩行为
与粒间孔
关系		 粒间孔为碎屑岩中
主要储集空间		 孔隙纵横比较低、弱胶结的
粒间孔通常表现为柔性孔；
孔隙纵横比较高、强胶结的
残余粒间孔多表现为刚性孔
与粒内孔
关系		 粒内孔尺度较小、
分布离散		 多数情况下孔隙纵横比较高，表现为相对刚性孔；在弱胶
结或连通条件下亦可呈现
一定柔性
与黏土孔/
微裂缝关系		 黏土片间孔、微裂缝
尺度小、形态扁平		 通常孔隙纵横比较低，对
有效应力高度敏感，
表现为典型柔性孔
分类目的 描述孔隙几何特征
及成因类型		 描述孔隙对有效应力变化
的力学响应及其对弹性
参数的影响

Fig. 2

Simulation the variation of stiff pores and soft pores with the depth"

Fig. 3

Thin section photographs of Miocene Huangliu Formation at different burial depths of well A in Ledong slope, Yinggehai Basin"

Fig. 4

Variation of sample bulk modulus (a) and shear modulus (b) with normal effective stress under different mudstone contents of Miocene Huangliu Formation in Ledong slope, Yinggehai Basin"

Fig. 5

Simulation of variation of soft-pore proportion with depth in normal-pressure and overpressure formations"

Fig. 6

Experimental simulation of coupled confining pressure-pore pressure effects in sandstone: Variations of P-wave and S-wave velocities (a) and vp/vs ratio (b) with pore pressure under different confining pressures"

Table 2

Formulas of four pore-space stiffness theoretical models"

作者 Kd模型 $\frac{{K}_{\varphi }}{{K}_{m}}$ μd模型
Russell[13] ${K}_{d}=\frac{{K}_{m}}{1+\frac{\varphi }{k}}$ $k=\frac{{K}_{\varphi }}{{K}_{m}}=f\left({P}_{e}\right)=M+N\cdot ln\left({P}_{e}\right)$ ${\mu }_{d}=\frac{{\mu }_{m}{K}_{d}}{{K}_{m}}$
Dinh等[14] ${K}_{d}=\frac{{K}_{m}}{1+\frac{\varphi }{k}}$ $k=\frac{{K}_{\varphi }}{{K}_{m}}=f\left({P}_{e}\right)=L+H\cdot {P}_{e}$ μd=P+Q⋅Pe
刘仕友等[16] ${K}_{d}=\frac{{K}_{m}}{1+\frac{\varphi }{k}}$ $k=\frac{{K}_{\varphi }}{{K}_{m}}=f\left({P}_{e}\right)=R+S\cdot ln\left({P}_{e}\right)$ ${\mu }_{d}=\frac{{\mu }_{m}{K}_{d}}{T{K}_{m}}$
本文模型 ${K}_{d}=\frac{{K}_{m}}{1+\frac{\varphi }{k}}$ $k=\frac{{K}_{\varphi }}{{K}_{m}}=f\left({P}_{e}, {P}_{c}\right)=\left(D+E\cdot {e}^{F\cdot {P}_{e}}\right)\cdot {P}_{c}$ ${\mu }_{d}=\frac{{\mu }_{m}\cdot {K}_{d}\cdot ln(G\cdot {P}_{c})}{{K}_{m}}$

Fig. 7

Workflow of the GBO-based multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model"

Fig. 8

Prediction of pore pressure and formation pressure coefficient of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

Table 3

Input parameters of framework minerals of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

矿物成分 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 密度/（g·cm-3）
石英 39.000 30 2.65
黏土 32.000 19 2.82
方解石 27.000 20 2.85
水 2.650 0 1.03
气 0.001 0 0.38

Fig. 9

Comparison of prediction results from different models of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

Fig. 10

Prediction errors comparison of different rock physics models of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

Fig. 11

Prediction performance and error distribution histograms of the GBO-based multi-porosity rock physics model of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

Table 4

Statistics of velocity prediction errors of different rock physics models on the same test dataset of Miocene Huangliu Formation in well A, Ledong slope"

模型 RMSE/(m·s-1) R2
纵波
速度		 横波
速度		 纵波
速度		 横波
速度
Xu-White模型
（未考虑地层压力影响）		 334.69 192.01 -0.824 0.147
传统孔隙空间刚度理论模型
（未考虑束缚水影响）		 163.81 93.094 0.563 0.799
改进孔隙空间刚度理论模型
（未考虑束缚水影响）		 146.49 74.366 0.651 0.872
多重孔隙结构超压岩石物理
模型（考虑束缚水影响）		 91.938 58.919 0.862 0.919
GBO优化多重孔隙结构超压
岩石物理模型（最终优化模型）		 70.220 52.176 0.920 0.937

Table 5

Parameter settings for sensitivity analysis of the multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model"

输入参数 取值
泥质含量占骨架比例/% 10~90
压力系数 0.4~2.3
有效应力/MPa 10~80
可动流体孔隙度/% 0.1~10.0
束缚水孔隙度/% 0.1~10.0
柔性孔隙占比/% 10~90
束缚水孔隙纵横比 0.05
柔性孔隙纵横比 0.08
刚性孔隙纵横比 0.50

Fig. 12

Variation of elastic parameters with soft-pore proportion and effective stress simulated by the multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model"

Fig. 13

Variation of elastic parameters with mudstone content and effective stress simulated by the multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model"

Fig. 14

Variation of elastic parameters with bound-water porosity and movable-fluid porosity simulated by the multi-porosity overpressure rock physics model"

Table 6

Statistics of effective stress and formation pressure coefficient of Miocene Huangliu Formation, Ledong slope"

有效应力/
MPa		 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20
地层压力
系数		 0.70 0.85 0.98 1.12 1.25 1.38 1.51 1.64 1.77 1.90 2.04

Fig. 15

Rock physics template of overpressure sandstone-mudstone reservoirs in Miocene Huangliu Formation of Ledong slope"

Fig. 16

vp/vs inversion section of Miocene Huangliu Formation across well A in Ledong slope"

Fig. 17

Porosity inversion section of Miocene Huangliu Formation across well A in Ledong slope"

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