岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 77–90.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260407

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

三门峡盆地古近系沉积演化特征及成藏模式

鲁子琦1,2(), 李元昊1,2(), 祝彦贺3, 陈晓智3, 潘新竹3, 翟文彬4, 常益榕1, 单长安1,2   

  1. 1 西安石油大学 地球科学与工程学院西安 710065
    2 西安石油大学 陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室西安 710065
    3 中海油研究总院有限责任公司北京 100028
    4 中国石油西部钻探工程有限公司 试油公司新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-28 修回日期:2026-04-11 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:鲁子琦(1999—),女,西安石油大学在读硕士研究生,研究方向为沉积学与石油地质学。地址:(710065)陕西省西安市雁塔区电子二路口东段18号。Email:zqlu597@163.com
  • 通信作者: 李元昊
  • 基金资助:
    国家十五五“油气重大专项”项目“南海油气成藏机制与勘探开发关键技术”(2025ZD14027)

Sedimentary evolution characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation models of Paleogene in Sanmenxia Basin

LU Ziqi1,2(), LI Yuanhao1,2(), ZHU Yanhe3, CHEN Xiaozhi3, PAN Xinzhu3, ZHAI Wenbin4, CHANG Yirong1, SHAN Chang’an1,2   

  1. 1 School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065, China
    2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation GeologyXi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065, China
    3 CNOOC Research Institute Ltd.Beijing 100028, China
    4 Well Testing CompanyCNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd.Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2026-01-28 Revised:2026-04-11 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: LI Yuanhao E-mail:zqlu597@163.com;liyuanh@xsyu.edu.cn

摘要:

三门峡盆地油气勘探潜力较大,但总体勘探程度较低。基于野外露头、二维地震及钻井资料,结合烃源岩有机质丰度测定等手段,以五亩凹陷与平陆凹陷为重点,系统分析了古近系沉积体系与烃源岩发育特征,明确了构造-沉积演化模式及成藏条件。研究结果表明:①三门峡盆地古近系发育5类沉积相、9 类亚相,其中门里组以冲积扇沉积为主,坡底组发育冲积扇、扇三角洲和湖泊沉积,小安组以湖泊沉积为主,柳林河组主要发育冲积扇与辫状河沉积;不同凹陷沉积充填差异显著,相带展布窄且横向迁移快。②盆地构造-沉积演化总体经历“先断后坳” 4 个阶段,初始断陷期(门里期)伸展作用强烈,形成多个孤立深凹;强烈断陷期(坡底期)基底差异沉降显著,湖盆扩张并发生短期湖泛;断-坳转换期(小安期)全区连通稳定沉积,深湖范围达到鼎盛;坳陷沉降期(柳林河期)构造活动趋于稳定,湖盆逐渐萎缩消亡。③研究区烃源岩主要发育于坡底组深湖相黑色泥页岩与小安组深湖—半深湖灰黑色泥岩,优质烃源岩样品占比为25%,其中小安组为主力烃源岩;五亩凹陷小安组TOC值为0.29%~31.10%,平均为2.06%;五亩凹陷坡底组TOC值为0.40%~22.00%,平均为5.33%,部分样品TOC异常偏高或波动较大,与露头保存条件及煤线发育有关。④研究区主要发育“自生自储”、“下生上储”及局部“上生下储”3类成藏组合,整体以近源供烃、短距离运移成藏为主要特征,中央构造带为有利勘探区带。

关键词: 断陷湖盆, 构造演化, 沉积充填, 成藏模式, 烃源岩, 油气勘探潜力, 小安组, 古近系, 三门峡盆地

Abstract:

Sanmenxia Basin has considerable hydrocarbon exploration potential, but its overall exploration degree remains low. Focusing on Wumu Sag and Pinglu Sag, combined with measurements of source rock organic matter abundance, development characteristics of Paleogene sedimentary systems and source rocks were analyzed, and tectono-sedimentary evolution models and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions were clarified based on field outcrop observations, 2D seismic data, and drilling data. The results show that: (1) Paleogene in Sanmenxia Basin deve-loped five sedimentary facies and nine subfacies. Menli Formation is dominated by alluvial fan deposits. Podi Formation develops alluvial fan, fan delta, and lacustrine deposits. Xiao’an Formation is dominated by lacustrine deposits, and Liulinhe Formation mainly develops alluvial fan and braided river deposits. Different sags show significant differences in sedimentary filling, and facies belts are generally narrow and laterally migrate rapidly. (2) The tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin has gone through 4 stages of “syn-rift to post-rift depression”. During the initial rifting stage, corresponding to Menli period, strong extension produced several isolated deep sags. During the intense rifting stage, corresponding to Podi period, basement experienced significant differential subsidence, leading to lake basin expansion and short-term lacustrine flooding. During the rift-depression transition stage, corresponding to Xiao’an period, the basin became interconnected and entered a relatively stable depositional stage, and the deep-lake reached its maximum scope. During the depression-subsidence stage, corresponding to Liulinhe period, tectonic activity tended to stabilize, and the lake basin gradually shrank and eventually disappeared. (3) Source rocks in the study area are mainly developed in the deep-lake black mud shale of Podi Formation and the deep to semi-deep lake gray-black mudstone of Xiao’an Formation. High-quality source rock samples account for 25% of the total, with Xiao’an Formation representing the principal source rock interval. In Wumu Sag, TOC values of Xiao’an Formation range from 0.29% to 31.10%, with an average of 2.06%, TOC values of Podi Formation range from 0.40% to 22.00%, with an average of 5.33%. The anomalously high TOC values or large fluctuations observed in some samples are related to outcrop preservation conditions and the development of coal streaks. (4) The study area mainly develops three types of hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages, including “self generation and self storage”, “lower generation and upper storage”, and locally “upper generation and lower storage”. Overall, it is characterized by near-source hydrocarbon supply and short-distance migration for reservoir formation, and the central structural belt represents the favorable exploration zone.

Key words: rift lacustrine basin, tectonic evolution, sedimentary filling, hydrocarbon accumulation model, source rock, hydrocarbon exploration potential, Xiao’an Formation, Paleogene, Sanmenxia Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

图1

三门峡盆地构造单元及地震测线位置(a)(据文献[13]修改)和古近系岩性地层综合柱状图(b)"

图2

三门峡盆地地震剖面测线及构造地层解释(剖面位置见图1a)"

图3

三门峡盆地新生代构造演化剖面"

表1

三门峡盆地五亩和平陆凹陷古近系沉积特征及演化阶段对比"

层位 五亩凹陷 平陆凹陷 盆地演化
阶段
沉积相 物源供应 气候 主要岩性 沉积相 物源供应 气候 主要岩性
门里组 冲积扇 充足 干旱 砾岩、泥岩 冲积扇 充足 干旱 砾岩 初始断陷期
坡底组 扇三角洲、
冲积扇、湖泊
充足—
较弱
潮湿—
半干旱
砾岩、粗砂岩、
泥岩
湖泊、
冲积扇、
较弱—充
足—较弱
潮湿—
半干旱
砾岩、页岩、
石膏
强烈断陷期
小安组 湖泊、
三角洲
较充足 潮湿—
干旱
暗色泥岩、
灰岩、砾岩
湖泊 欠充足 潮湿—
干旱
灰色—红色泥岩、薄
层灰岩、网状石膏
断-坳转换期
柳林河组 冲积扇 十分充足 半干旱 厚层砾岩、
少量红色泥岩
辫状河 充足 半干旱 含砾粗砂岩为主、
灰绿色泥岩
坳陷沉降期

图4

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷和平陆凹陷古近系门里组沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图5

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷古近系坡底组沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图6

三门峡盆地平陆凹陷沿黄公路剖面古近系坡底组沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图7

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷古近系小安组下部及中条山古生代碳酸盐岩沉积特征"

图8

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷五亩剖面古近系小安组上部及顶部沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图9

三门峡盆地豫峡地1井古近系小安组顶部(1 810~2 060 m,未钻穿)测井综合柱状图(据文献[15]修改)"

图10

三门峡盆地平陆凹陷古近系小安组沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图11

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷和平陆凹陷古近系柳林河组沉积特征(露头位置见图1a)"

图12

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷和平陆凹陷古近系岩性地层综合柱状图"

图13

三门峡盆地古近系沉积相平面演化特征"

图14

三门峡盆地古近系沉积模式"

图15

三门峡盆地五亩凹陷、平陆凹陷古近系小安组和坡底组TOC含量分布特征"

图16

三门峡盆地古近系成藏模式"

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