岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 101–114.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260409

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩沉积特征及控制因素

张雨晴1,2(), 赵仲祥1,2(), 王尉3, 何幼斌1,2, 罗进雄1,2, 胡明毅1,2, 杨星宇1,2, 伍炼华1,2   

  1. 1 长江大学 地球科学学院， 武汉 430100
    2 长江大学 油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室， 湖北 荆州 434023
    3 中国石油西南油气田公司 勘探开发研究院， 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-07 修回日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:张雨晴（2002—），女，长江大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为储层地质学。地址：（430100）湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号。Email:17740684179@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 赵仲祥
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“川中地区埃迪卡拉系微生物白云岩成岩作用及储层孔隙定量演化”(42072171)

Sedimentary characteristics and controlling factors of carbonate-evaporite rocks in Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, southeastern Sichuan Basin

ZHANG Yuqing1,2(), ZHAO Zhongxiang1,2(), WANG Wei3, HE Youbin1,2, LUO Jinxiong1,2, HU Mingyi1,2, YANG Xingyu1,2, WU Lianhua1,2   

  1. 1 School of Earth Sciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
    3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Received:2026-01-07 Revised:2026-03-10 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: ZHAO Zhongxiang E-mail:17740684179@163.com;zhaozhongxiang5@163.com

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摘要：

四川盆地下三叠统嘉陵江组是重要的天然气储集层系，广泛发育典型的碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系。基于岩心、薄片及测、录井资料，系统开展了川东南地区三叠系嘉陵江组共生体系类型划分、沉积微相识别及沉积演化主控因素分析，明确了碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系的分布规律。研究结果表明：①川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系可划分为叠置型（碳酸盐岩上覆膏盐岩、膏盐岩上覆碳酸盐岩）、互层型（碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩互层）和夹层型（碳酸盐岩夹膏盐岩、膏盐岩夹碳酸盐岩）3大类5小类；发育石膏岩、膏质云岩、膏质灰岩、泥晶云岩、粉晶云岩、砂屑云岩、生屑灰岩等11种共生体系微相类型，并归纳总结出7类微相组合。②研究区碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系的形成与分布受海平面及古地貌耦合控制，高频海平面升降旋回主导了垂向演化序列，古隆起与古凹陷塑造的古地貌格局约束了共生体系的横向展布规律。③研究区叠置型碳酸盐岩上覆膏盐岩型共生体系与互层型共生体系储-盖配置良好，油气保存条件更为优越。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系, 沉积微相组合, 层序-岩相, 海平面升降, 古地貌, 油气成藏, 嘉陵江组, 三叠系, 川东南

Abstract:

Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Sichuan Basin is an important natural gas reservoir system, where typical carbonate-evaporite paragenesis systems are widely developed. Based on core, thin section, and master logging data, the classification of paragenesis system types, sedimentary microfacies identification, and main controlling factors of sedimentary evolution of Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin were systematically conducted, and distribution patterns of carbonate-evaporite paragenesis systems were clarified. The results show that： （1） Carbonate-evaporite paragenesis systems of Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin can be classified into three major categories and five subcategories: overlapped type (carbonate rock overlying evaporite and evaporite overlying carbonate rock), interbedded type (carbonate rock and evaporite interbedded ), and intercalated type (evaporite intercalated with carbonate rock and carbonate rock intercalated with evaporite). A total of 11 paragenesis system microfacies types were identified, including gypsum, gypsiferous dolomite, gypsiferous limestone, micritic dolomite, finely crystalline dolomite, granular dolomite, and bioclastic limestone, and 7 types of microfacies associations were summarized. （2） The formation and distribution of the carbonate-evaporite paragenesis systems in the study area are controlled by the coupling of sea level fluctuations and paleogeomorphology. High-frequency sea level cycles dominate the vertical evolutionary sequence, while the paleogeomorphological framework shaped by paleo-uplifts and paleo-depressions constrained the lateral distribution patterns of paragenesis systems. （3） The “carbonate rock overlying evaporite”subtype within the overlapped category and the interbedded paragenesis systems exhibit good reservoir-caprock configurations and relatively superior preservation conditions.

Key words: carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system, sedimentary microfacies association, sequence-lithofacies, sea level fluctuations, paleogeomorphology, hydrocarbon accumulation, Jialingjiang Formation, Triassic, southeastern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.32

图1

川东南构造单元划分（a）及三叠系嘉陵江组岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[27-28]修改）"

图2

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系类型及特征"

表1

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系微相类型"

微相
类型		 岩性 结构 水体能量等级 沉积亚相
MFT1 石膏岩 结晶粒状结构 极低 膏盐湖
MFT2 膏质云岩 粉晶结构 低 云膏坪
MFT3 膏质灰岩 泥晶结构 低 潮坪
MFT4 泥晶云岩 泥晶结构 低 潮坪、潟湖
MFT5 粉晶云岩 粉晶结构 低 潮坪
MFT6 残余鲕粒云岩 残余颗粒结构 高 台内滩
MFT7 砂屑云岩 颗粒结构 高 台内滩
MFT8 生屑灰岩 颗粒结构 高 浅滩、台内滩
MFT9 残余生屑灰岩 残余颗粒结构 高 浅滩、台内滩
MFT10 泥晶灰岩 泥晶结构 中—低 开阔潮下
MFT11 粉晶灰岩 粉晶结构 中—低 开阔潮下

图3

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系微相显微镜下照片"

表2

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系典型沉积相特征"

相 亚相 微相 岩性
开阔
台地		 开阔潮下 灰质、泥灰质开阔潮下 泥晶灰岩、（含）颗粒
泥晶灰岩
浅滩 鲕粒滩、生屑滩、砂屑滩 鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩、
局限
台地		 潮坪 泥坪、灰坪、灰云坪、云坪
云灰坪、膏云坪		 灰质云岩、云质灰岩、泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩
潟湖 云膏质潟湖、
泥质潟湖、灰质潟湖		 膏质云岩、膏质灰岩
台内滩 鲕粒滩、生屑滩、砂屑滩 鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩、鲕粒云岩、生屑白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、晶粒白云岩
蒸发
台地		 膏盐湖 厚层膏质、云膏质潟湖 石膏岩、膏质云岩
云膏坪 薄层云膏坪、膏坪 石膏岩、含云质膏岩、膏质云岩

图4

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组典型碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系岩性特征"

图5

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组沉积相-碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系发育模式"

图6

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系连井剖面图（剖面位置见图1a）"

图7

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系平面展布"

图8

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组SSQ4古地貌与单井碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系发育特征"

图9

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系沉积演化模式"

图10

川东南三叠系嘉陵江组碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩共生体系成藏模式"

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