岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 162–171.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260114

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组煤岩气储层地震预测技术

张盟勃1,2(), 彭剑康1(), 崔晓杰1,2, 张栋1, 倪娜1, 龙盛芳1, 魏朋辉3   

  1. 1 中国石油长庆油田公司 勘探开发研究院， 西安 710018
    2 低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室， 西安 710018
    3 北京源烃泰克科技有限公司， 北京 100102
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-05-22 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:张盟勃（1978—），男，高级工程师，主要从事地震岩石物理、地震资料解释、页岩油及煤岩气综合研究等方面的研究工作。地址：（710018）陕西省西安市未央区未央路151号。Email:zmb_cq@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 彭剑康
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油集团公司重大专项“深地煤岩气成藏理论与效益开发技术研究”(2023ZZ18YJ03);长庆油田公司重大科技专项“鄂尔多斯盆地深层煤岩气赋存机理、富集规律及有效提产关键技术攻关”(2023DZZ01)

Seismic prediction technology for coal rock gas reservoir of Carboniferous Benxi Formation in northern Mizhi area, Ordos Basin

ZHANG Mengbo1,2(), PENG Jiankang1(), CUI Xiaojie1,2, ZHANG Dong1, NI Na1, LONG Shengfang1, WEI Penghui3   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield, Xi’an 710018, China
    2 National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi’an 710018, China
    3 Geoscience Solutions, Beijing 100102, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-05-22 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: PENG Jiankang E-mail:zmb_cq@petrochina.com.cn;15010308496@163.com

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摘要：

通过井-震标定、建立不同围岩岩性-煤岩模型、波动方程正演模拟等方法，对鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组围岩岩性、煤岩厚度及其地震响应特征进行了分析，并对振幅拟合法、阻抗反演法和反射系数反演法3种煤岩气储层厚度预测方法进行了对比评价。研究结果表明：①鄂尔多斯盆地米脂地区石炭系本溪组煤岩气储层地质条件复杂，上覆岩性主要为砂岩、灰岩和泥岩，煤岩与围岩地层的物性具有明显差异，前者具有低自然伽马、低密度、高中子、高声波时差、高电阻率的特征；不同围岩对煤岩层的地震响应特征影响较大，围岩的平面分布会影响煤岩厚度预测精度。②对不同岩性组合进行波动方程正演模拟过程中，当煤岩厚度小于调谐厚度12.5 m时，振幅值随煤岩厚度增加而增强；当煤岩厚度达到12.5 m时，振幅值达到峰值；当煤岩厚度大于12.5 m时，随着煤岩厚度增加，振幅值开始缓慢降低。③反射系数反演法适用于煤岩气藏评价和开发阶段，煤岩顶底再解释技术受振幅影响较小，研究区煤岩气储层预测厚度与实际厚度吻合度最高，达到88.9%。

关键词: 煤岩气, 地震预测, 正演模拟, 振幅拟合, 阻抗反演, 反射系数反演, 本溪组, 石炭系, 米脂北地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Through well-to-seismic calibration, establishment of different surrounding rock lithology-coal rock models, and wave equation forward modeling, the lithologies, coal rock thickness, and seismic response characteristics of Carboniferous Benxi Formation surrounding rock in northern Mizhi area of Ordos Basin were analyzed. Three thickness prediction methods of coal rock gas reservoir, such as amplitude fitting method, impe-dance inversion method, and reflection coefficient inversion method, were contrasted and evaluated. The results show that: （1） The geological conditions of Carboniferous Benxi Formation coal rock gas reservoir in Mizhi area are complex. The overlying lithology are mainly sandstone, limestone, and mudstone. Physical properties of coal rock and surrounding rock strata are significant different, coal rock are with characteristics of low natural gamma, low density, high neutron, high acoustic time difference, and high resistivity. Different surrounding rocks have a significant impact on seismic response characteristics of coal rock layers, and the planar distribution of surrounding rocks can affect the accuracy of coal seam thickness prediction. （2） During wave equation forward modeling for different lithological combinations, when the coal rock thickness is less than the tuned thickness of 12.5 m, the amplitude value increases with the increase of coal rock thickness.When the thickness of coal rock reaches 12.5 m, the amplitude value reaches its peak.When the thickness of coal rock is greater than 12.5 m, the amplitude value begins to slowly decrease as the thickness of coal rock increases. （3） The reflection coefficient inversion method is suitable for the evaluation and development stages of coal rock gas reservoirs. The coal rock top and bottom re-interpretation technology is less affected by amplitude,and the predicted thickness of coal rock gas reservoir in the study area shows the highest consistency with the actual thickness, reaching 88.9%.

Key words: coal rock gas, seismic prediction, forward modeling, amplitude fitting, impedance inversion, reflection coefficient inversion, Benxi Formation, Carboniferous, northern Mizhi area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区构造位置（a）及本溪组—山西组岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩连井对比"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组不同岩性声波时差对比"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组不同岩性密度对比"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤顶岩相分布特征"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组井震联合标定"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组不同地层岩性组合模型参数"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组煤岩与不同围岩模型正演结果"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组煤岩不同模型的振幅与厚度相关性"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩厚度与地震均方根振幅拟合曲线"

图10

采用地震反射振幅属性拟合法预测的鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩厚度平面分布特征"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组不同岩性纵波阻抗对比"

图12

采用阻抗反演法预测的鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩厚度平面分布特征"

图13

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组常规地震剖面（a）与反射系数反演剖面（b）对比（剖面位置见图14）"

图14

采用反射系数反演法预测的鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩厚度平面分布特征"

图15

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂北地区石炭系本溪组8号煤岩预测厚度与实钻煤岩厚度对比"

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