岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 65–75.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260206

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81油气成藏主控因素

龙礼文1,2(), 肖文华3, 严宝年3, 王建国3, 李少勇3, 李丛林3, 郭耀轩3, 任雪瑶3   

  1. 1 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院， 兰州 730020
    2 中国石油集团油藏描述重点实验室， 兰州 730020
    3 中国石油玉门油田公司 勘探开发研究院， 甘肃 酒泉 735000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-18 修回日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-10
  • 第一作者:龙礼文（1982—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事地质综合研究及油气勘探方面的工作。地址：（730020）甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号。Email：long_lw@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司“十四五”前瞻性基础性攻关项目“岩性地层油气藏成藏规律与关键技术研究”(2021DJ04)

Main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation of Triassic Chang 81 reservoir in Huanxi area， Ordos Basin

LONG Liwen1,2(), XIAO Wenhua3, YAN Baonian3, WANG Jianguo3, LI Shaoyong3, LI Conglin3, GUO Yaoxuan3, REN Xueyao3   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest （NWGI）， PetroChina， Lanzhou 730020， China
    2 Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description， CNPC， Lanzhou 730020， China
    3 Exploration and Development Research Institute， PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Company， Jiuquan 735000， Gansu， China
  • Received:2025-09-18 Revised:2025-12-16 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-10

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摘要：

通过大量钻井岩心实验分析和地震资料解释，对鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81沉积及储层特征进行了分析，并探讨了油气成藏主控因素，总结了其油气成藏模式。研究结果表明：①环西地区三叠系长81发育三角洲平原沉积，辫状河道是主要的储集体，东部储层孔隙度平均为7.9%，渗透率平均为0.43 mD。西部储层孔隙度平均为15.8%，渗透率平均为12.00 mD。②大量排烃时期，研究区长81古构造表现为东西高、中间低的形态，西南部、西北部及天环坳陷轴部构造圈闭发育，为油气聚集场所。东部长7发育黑色泥岩页，属优质烃源岩。西部长7发育暗色泥岩，属差—中等烃源岩。平面上，烃源岩厚度自东向西逐渐减薄，西部构造高部位烃源岩不发育，但西部长81储集砂体厚度大，平均为24 m，天环坳陷轴部砂体厚度最大，自轴部向西翼逐渐减薄尖灭。③研究区东部长81原油来自上覆长7黑色页岩，具有上生下储、近源成藏特征。西部长81原油来自东部长7黑色页岩及西部长7泥岩，具有混源特征，北西向断裂及轴部厚层砂体为油气运移提供了通道。油藏类型可分为3类，一是天环坳陷轴部的构造油藏，背斜圈闭为主要勘探对象；二是天环坳陷西翼发育构造背景下砂岩上倾尖灭油藏，南北向砂岩尖灭带是主要的勘探方向；三是东部发育致密岩性油藏，近源砂体为主要勘探方向。

关键词: 辫状河道, 上生下储, 近源成藏, 砂岩尖灭带, 背斜圈闭, 长81, 三叠系, 环西地区, 天环坳陷, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Through a large number of drilling core experiments and seismic data interpretation， depositional cha-racteristics and reservoir characteristics of Triassic Chang 81 in Huanxi area of Ordos Basin were analyzed， main controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation were explored， and oil and gas accumulation models were summurized. The results show that： （1） Triassic Chang 81 of Huanxi area develop delta plain sediments， with braided channels as the main reservoirs. The average porosity of the eastern reservoir is 7.9%， and the average permeability is 0.43 mD. The average porosity of the western reservoir is 15.8%， and the average permeability is 12.00 mD. （2） Du-ring the period of large-scale hydrocarbon expulsion， the paleostructure of Chang 81 in the study area exhibited the morphology of east-west high and middle low， with structural traps developed in the southwest，northwest and axial parts of Tianhuan Depression, providing the setting for oil and gas accumulation. The eastern part of Chang 7 has developed black mudstone shale，which belongs to high-quality source rock. The western part of Chang 7 has developed dark mudstone，which belongs to poor-medium source rock. On the plane，the thickness of source rocks gradually decreases from east to west， and source rocks in high parts of the western structure is not developed. Sand body thickness of Chang 81 reservoir in the west is large， with an average thickness of 24 m. Sand body thickness of axial parts of Tianhuan Depression is the largest， with the gradual thinning and pinch out of the sand body from the axial part to the western wing. （3） Crude oil of Chang 81 in the eastern part of the study area comes from the overlying Chang 7 black shale，which has the characteristics of upper generation and lower storage， near-source accumulation. Crude oil of Chang 81 in the western part of the study area comes from the black shale of Chang 7 in the east and the mudstone of Chang 7 in the west， with mixed source characteristics. Northwest trending faults and thick sand bodies of the axial part provide channels for hydrocarbon migration. Oil reservoirs can be divided into three categories： First， structural oil reservoirs developed in the axial part of Tianhuan Depression，with anticline traps as the main targets for exploration. Second， sandstone updip pinch out reser-voirs under the structural background of the developed west wing of Tianhuan Depression，north-south sandstone pinch out zones are the main exploration direction. Third， tight lithological oil reservoirs in the eastern region，with sand bodies close to source rocks as the main targets for exploration.

Key words: braided channel, upper generation and lower storage, near-source accumulation, sandstone pinch out zone, anticline trap, Chang 81, Triassic, Huanxi area, Tianhuan Depression, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区构造位置（a）及三叠系长81岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81沉积相分布"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81典型岩心照片 （a） 深灰色泥岩，见炭化植物碎片，HQ808-3井，长811，2 624.10 m；（b）深灰色泥岩，见完整蕨类植物化石，HQ75-4井，长813，2 694.26 m；（c） 浅灰色细砂岩，底部见粒径约1 cm砾石，上部见小型砾石定向排列，HQ75-4井，长813，2 688.29 m；（d） 浅灰色细砂岩，见侵蚀泥砾段，粒径为0.5~1.0 cm，HQ92-46井，长812，2 602.10 m；（e） 浅灰细砂岩，见底部侵蚀泥砾，粒径为0.5~3.0 cm，HQ92-38井，长813，2 786.10 m；（f）浅黄褐色细砂岩，块状层理，HQ916，长811，2 585.00 m；（g） 浅黄褐色细砂岩，块状层理，HQ919井，长811，2 722.10 m；（h） 浅灰色细砂岩，见波纹层理，HQ75-4井，长812，2 678.08 m；（i） 浅灰色粉细砂岩，见水平层理，HQ808-3井，长811，2 617.40 m。"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81储层填隙物含量统计"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81储层典型微观照片 注：Cal. 方解石；Ill. 伊利石；Chl. 绿泥石；KP. 高岭石晶间孔；P. 粒间孔；FD. 长石溶蚀。 （a） 孔隙中分布大量方解石胶结物，HQ103井，2 399.02 m；（b） 孔隙中填充的片状伊利石，HQ102井，2 431.16 m；（c） 绿泥石呈孔隙衬里状分布，HQ926井，2 626.60 m；（d） 孔隙中充填高岭石，发育高岭石晶间孔，HQ75-4井，2 673.71 m；（e） 颗粒间发育大量粒间孔，HQ928井，2 659.29 m；（f） 长石颗粒沿解理面发生溶蚀，HQ205井，2 648.41 m。"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81储层孔隙结构参数（据文献[21]修改）"

位置 井名 深度/m 测井解释
结果		 排驱压力/MPa 最大孔喉
半径/μm		 平均孔喉
半径/μm		 中值压力/MPa 中值半径/μm 分选
系数		 最大进汞
饱和度/%		 退汞
效率/%
东部 HQ103 2 428.33 油层 0.17 0.52 0.12 5.46 0.13 1.45 56.40 21.05
HQ201 2 460.27 油层 1.21 0.61 0.13 8.94 0.08 1.99 91.55 42.11
HQ211 2 427.69 油层 1.19 0.62 0.15 9.57 0.08 1.32 92.09 28.78
HQ217 2 521.06 油层 1.51 0.49 0.13 12.58 0.06 1.64 79.92 41.02
西部 HQ918 2 692.16 油层 0.24 2.79 1.18 12.93 0.21 2.53 91.30 46.08
HQ916 2 576.27 油层 0.51 1.82 1.13 9.52 0.12 2.23 92.02 41.23
HQ919 2 708.32 油层 0.92 1.29 0.83 11.08 0.08 1.75 86.66 36.29
平均值 0.82 1.16 0.52 10.01 0.11 1.84 84.28 36.65

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区侏罗纪末期长81构造图"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区早白垩世末期长81构造图"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长7烃源岩厚度分布图"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区长7烃源岩及长81原油生物标志化合物图谱（据文献[13]修改）"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区长7烃源岩与长81原油不同生物标志化合物指标相关性"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81砂岩平面分布"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区西部长81砂岩连井对比（剖面位置见图11）"

图13

鄂尔多斯盆地环西地区三叠系长81成藏模式"

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