岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 179–190.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260517

• 石油工程与油气田开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组页岩油藏地层水来源及成因

谌辰1,2(), 孙玉1, 张玉洁1(), 朱庆利1, 霍飞3, 曹卫东1, 刘小亮1, 申雨酿1   

  1. 1 中石化胜利石油工程有限公司 井下作业公司， 山东 东营 257077
    2 成都理工大学 能源学院 （页岩气现代产业学院）， 成都 610059
    3 西南石油大学 地球科学与技术学院， 成都 610500
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03 修回日期:2026-01-23 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:谌辰（1993—），男，博士，助理研究员，主要从事油气勘探及开发方面的工作。地址：（257077）山东省东营市东营区西四路2号。Email:shenchen_217@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 张玉洁
  • 基金资助:
    胜利石油工程有限公司博士后课题“渤南洼陷沙三段页岩油藏硫化氢成因机理及富集规律研究”(SKG2419)

Origin and genesis of formation water in shale oil reservoirs of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Lijin sub-depression, Dongying Sag

SHEN Chen1,2(), SUN Yu1, ZHANG Yujie1(), ZHU Qingli1, HUO Fei3, CAO Weidong1, LIU Xiaoliang1, SHEN Yuniang1   

  1. 1 Downhole Operation Company, Sinopec Shengli Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Dongying 257077,Shandong, China
    2 College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610218, China
    3 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • Received:2025-11-03 Revised:2026-01-23 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: ZHANG Yujie E-mail:shenchen_217@163.com;zyj19972080@163.com

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摘要：

页岩油井返排液存在多源性，地层水的来源与成因判识较为困难。通过对东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组350余件页岩油井返排液样品进行主要离子组成、水化学系数、δD-δ18O与87Sr/86Sr同位素特征等分析，并结合热储温标对不同层段返排液的地球化学特征、来源及成因类型进行系统判识。研究成果表明：①利津洼陷古近系沙河街组沙四上（Es4s）亚段—沙三下（Es3x）亚段含高矿化度地层水，其中Es4s亚段水样诺瓦克相图多呈“镰刀型”，且钠氯系数小于1.0、脱硫系数大多在1.0以下，表明其形成于长期封闭条件下，经历了明显的蒸发浓缩与水-岩作用；部分沙四上纯上（Es4scs）和沙三下（Es3x）亚段样品诺瓦克相图呈“飞镖型”，表明存在地表水（压裂液）或浅层水混入。②同位素分析结果表明，沙四上纯下（Es4scx）亚段样品δD-δ18O整体明显偏离全球大气降水线（GMWL），表现出蒸发浓缩和封闭埋藏环境控制下的同位素组成特征，其87Sr/86Sr值为0.709 045~0.710 253，接近古近纪始新世早期海水锶同位素组成，指示其主要来源于原始沉积地层水；而Es4scs—Es3x亚段样品δD-δ18O整体更接近GMWL，且87Sr/86Sr值相对偏高（0.711 016~0.711 152），反映其受到压裂液或浅层水混入的显著影响。③研究区古近系沙河街组不同层段地层水来源及成因存在差异，Es4s亚段地层水主要是强还原条件下的原始地层水经历白云石化和钠长石化作用的改造而成，而沙三下（Es3x）亚段地层水则主要为古咸湖水与淡水或地表水的混合水。

关键词: 地层水, 返排液, 氢-氧同位素, 锶同位素比, 水岩反应, 页岩油藏, 沙河街组, 古近系, 利津洼陷, 东营凹陷

Abstract:

Flowback fluids from shale oil wells have multiple sources, making it difficult to identify the source and genesis of formation water. By analyzing major ion compositions, hydrochemical coefficients, δD-δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic characteristics of more than 350 flowback fluid samples from shale oil wells of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Lijin sub-depression of Dongying Sag, together with geothermometric indicators, geochemical characteristics, sources, and genesis types of flowback fluids from different stata were systematically identified. Research results show that: （1） Es4s-Es3x submembers of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Lijin sub-depression of Dongying Sag contain high salinity formation water. Water samples from Es4s submember mainly display a “sickle-shaped” pattern on Novak diagram,with Na/Cl ratios less than 1.0 and desulfurization coefficients mostly below 1.0, indicating that it was formed under long-term closed conditions and underwent strong evaporative concentration and intensive water-rock interaction. Some samples from Es4scs and Es3x submembers exhibit a “dart-shaped” pattern on Novak diagram, suggesting the existence of surface water (fracturing fluids) or shallow formation water. （2） Isotopic analyses indicate that samples from Es4scx significantly away from Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) on the δD-δ18O crossplot,which reflect isotopic composition characteristics controlled by evaporation concentration and closed burial environment. Their 87Sr/86Sr values range from 0.709 045 to 0.710 253, which are comparable to the strontium isotopic composition of seawater in early Eocene of Paleogene, suggesting that they are dominantly derived from primary sedimentary formation water. In contrast, samples from Es4scs-Es3x submembers are generally closer to GMWL and display relatively higher 87Sr/86Sr values (0.711 016-0.711 152), indicating significant influence of hydraulic fracturing fluids or shallow formation water mixing. （3） Sources and genesises of formation water in different strata of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the study area exhibit diffe-rences. Formation water in the submember of Es4s is dominated by primary connate water formed under strongly reducing conditions and subsequently modified by dolomitization and albitization, whereas formation water in the submember of Es3x mainly comprises of mixed origin, resulting from interaction between paleo-saline lacustrine water and freshwater or surface water.

Key words: formation water, flowback fluid, hydrogen-oxygen isotope, strontium isotope ratio, water-rock interaction, shale oil reservoir, Shahejie Formation, Paleogene, Lijin sub-depression, Dongying Sag

中图分类号: 

  • TE1332

图1

东营凹陷北部利津洼陷地质简图（a）及古近系沙河街组岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[15]修改）"

图2

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液Piper相图（据文献[20]修改）"

表1

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组页岩油井返排液与黄河水、海水、地热水及压裂水水化学特征对比"

样品 层位 井号 ρ(离子)/(mg·L-1) TDS/(mg·L-1) 水型
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3- Cl- SO42-
黄河干流[23] — — 8~71 0~4 10~59 3~19 180~190 22~78 41~123 416~576 NaHCO3
海水[24] — — 10 500 540 420 1 320 150 19 320 2 690 34 940 MgCl2
地热水[22] Ng — 3 093~4 561 19~73 122~416 53~145 202~282 4 822~7 837 0~462 8 450~13 145 CaCl2
Ed — 5 876~7 407 50~124 254~1 352 123~292 154~726 10 228~13 050 0~29 17 058~21 567 CaCl2
∈—O — 3 757~4 514 54~86 501~731 93~125 172~693 6 858~8 313 1~1 11 780~13 885 CaCl2
返排液 Es3x LY104HF 1 827~2 025 117~130 20~57 11~36 3 011~3 396 124~308 843~1 141 6 312~6 553 NaHCO3
LY103HF 4 437~6 302 246~350 199~308 54~181 1 173~2 045 6 002~9 714 12~476 13 279~18 169 NaHCO3
LY3HF 10 258~27 308 411~1 030 429~3 230 116~853 302~2 078 16 637~45 901 0~3 047 28 754~77 102 CaCl2
Es4scs LY5HF 1 003~2 920 65~184 13~130 1~32 403~3 889 1 319~3 432 0~337 2 806~9 097 NaHCO3
LY2CHF 35 914~54 524 821~1 164 1 759~3 291 174~1 017 252~1 129 59 795~91 500 23~1 426 10 047~150 896 CaCl2
Es4scx LX856 13 275~85 318 498~1 613 944~4 870 151~492 878~2 532 21 077~143 048 519~2 501 39 718~236 867 CaCl2
LY4HF 29 895~40 598 683~928 1 956~3 339 217~1 157 254~1 134 51 792~69 920 57~3 143 85 568~116 720 CaCl2
GX173 36 413~63 082 1 073~1 362 3 500~10 884 603~2 261 212~1 622 64 308~113 869 0~2 382 108 757~187 634 CaCl2
压裂水 — — 17~2 421 2~130 30~228 15~1152 14~550 88~4 616 24~986 194~8 914 Na2SO4

图3

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液诺瓦克相图 注：图中各样品的诺瓦克相图上折线拐点均按图（a）中现今海水诺瓦克相图进行编号，各编号分别为1. r(Ca2+)/r(Mg2+)；2. r(Na+)/r(Ca2+)；3. r(Na+)/r(Mg2+)；4. [r(Na+)+r(K+)]/[r(Ca2+)+r(Mg2+)]；5. r(Mg2+)/r(K+)；6. r(Na+)/r(K+)。"

图4

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液水化学参数特征"

图5

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液氢、氧同位素特征（根据文献[31]修改）"

图6

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液锶同位素比值判识图"

图7

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液阳离子（Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+）与Cl-质量浓度交会图"

图8

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液Caexcess-Nadeficit交会图"

图9

东营凹陷利津洼陷古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3x）页岩油井返排液Na-K-Mg 三角图"

图10

东营凹陷SX158井古近系沙河街组（Es4s—Es3z）生产动态特征及诺瓦克相图"

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