沙漠区地震数据高分辨率处理关键方法及其在尼日尔Agedem地区的应用

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20230603

岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 18–28.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230603

沙漠区地震数据高分辨率处理关键方法及其在尼日尔Agedem地区的应用

苏勤^1,2,3, 曾华会^2,3, 徐兴荣^2,3, 王德英^2,3,4, 孟会杰²

1. 电子科技大学资源与环境学院, 成都 611731;
2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 兰州 730020;
3. 中国石油超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000;
4. 中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 257061

收稿日期:2023-05-18 修回日期:2023-06-09 出版日期:2023-11-01 发布日期:2023-11-07
第一作者:苏勤(1976—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事地震资料高分辨率处理、速度建模及偏移成像等领域的科研及生产工作。地址:(730020)甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号。Email:suq@petrochina.com.cn。
通信作者: 徐兴荣(1983-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地震资料处理及地球物理新技术、新方法研究工作。Email:xu_xr@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重点项目“薄储层全频处理方法研究与目标精细刻画技术攻关试验”(编号:2022KT1503)和中国石油重点项目“The provision of 3D seismic data reprocessing services in block Agadem,Niger”(编号:CNPCNP/10/2021-0091)联合资助

Key techniques of high-resolution processing of desert seismic data and its application in Agedem area,Niger

SU Qin^1,2,3, ZENG Huahui^2,3, XU Xingrong^2,3, WANG Deying^2,3,4, MENG Huijie²

1. School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3. Research and Development Center for Exploration and Development Technology of Ultra Deep Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs, CNPC, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China;
4. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(East China), Qingdao 257061, Shandong, China

Received:2023-05-18 Revised:2023-06-09 Online:2023-11-01 Published:2023-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对表层沙丘对地震反射波的高频能量吸收衰减严重会导致沙漠区地震资料存在分辨率低、能量弱、频带窄等问题,提出了一种结合微测井约束的近地表叠前Q补偿、叠前深度Q偏移及基于井约束的压缩感知叠后拓频等3种方法的地震资料处理方法,并将该方法在尼日尔Agedem地区进行了测试。研究结果表明:①经微测井约束的Q补偿法处理后,尼日尔Agedem地区地震资料信噪比和分辨率均更高,同相轴更光滑连续,有效信息能量增强,细小结构刻画得更为清晰;频带宽度从35 Hz拓宽至约70 Hz,主频从30 Hz提升至约45 Hz。②Q叠前深度偏移消除了地震波传播过程中由于介质非弹性因素和地层吸收所引起的衰减与频散,保证了成像精度。③基于井约束的压缩感知叠后拓频方法处理后的结果较无井约束拓频处理与井合成记录更为匹配,具有更好的保真性,进一步提升了弱信号能量,恢复了严重吸收衰减效应所造成的能量损失,尼日尔Agedem地区20~40 ms层位位置更准确,在无井约束处理后180 ms处出现的层位假象问题得到解决。④该联合方法在尼日尔Agedem地区的应用取得了较好的效果,处理后的地震资料断层结构清晰、断面波干脆、小断层错段明显容易识别;结合测井数据对DB1井进行井-震标定后,全井段相关系数大于0.92。

关键词: 叠前Q补偿, 叠前深度Q偏移, 压缩感知叠后拓频, 吸收衰减, 高分辨率, 地震波, 尼日尔Agedem地区

Abstract: A seismic data processing method was proposed to address the severe high-frequency energy absorption and attenuation of seismic reflection waves by surface sand dunes,which results in low resolution,weak energy,and narrow frequency bandwidth in seismic data from desert areas. The method combines three approaches:nearsurface pre-stack Q compensation with micro-logging constraints,pre-stack depth Q migration,and post-stack compressive sensing frequency extrapolation based on well constraints. The method was tested on data from Agedem area in Niger. The results show that:（1）After applying the micro-logging constrained Q compensation method,the seismic data from Agedem area in Niger showed higher signal-to-noise ratio,improved resolution,smoother continuous reflection axes,enhanced effective information energy,and clearer depiction of small structures. The frequency bandwidth was expanded from 35 Hz to 70 Hz,and the main frequency increased from 30 Hz to 45 Hz.（2）The Q pre-stack depth migration eliminated the attenuation and dispersion caused by non-elastic factors and formation absorption during seismic wave propagation,ensuring imaging accuracy.（3）The results of compressive sensing frequency extrapolation method based on well-constrained data showed better matching with synthetic well records than that of unconstrained extrapolation processing,resulting in improved fidelity. It further enhanced weak signal energy and recovered the energy loss caused by severe absorption attenuation. The positioning accuracy of the 20-40 ms interval in Agedem area of Niger was improved,and the problem of false horizons at 180 ms after unconstrained processing was resolved.（4）The combined method achieved favorable results in Agedem area of Niger. The processed seismic data exhibited clear fault structures,crisp fault section waves,and easily identifiable small fault segments. After calibration with well logging data of well DB1,the correlation coefficient for the entire well section exceeded 0.92.

Key words: pre-stack Q compensation, pre-stack depth Q migration, post-stack compressive sensing frequency extrapolation, absorption attenuation, high resolution, seismic wave, Agedem area in Niger

中图分类号:

P631.4

苏勤, 曾华会, 徐兴荣, 王德英, 孟会杰. 沙漠区地震数据高分辨率处理关键方法及其在尼日尔Agedem地区的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2023, 35(6): 18–28.

SU Qin, ZENG Huahui, XU Xingrong, WANG Deying, MENG Huijie. Key techniques of high-resolution processing of desert seismic data and its application in Agedem area,Niger[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(6): 18–28.

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沙漠区地震数据高分辨率处理关键方法及其在尼日尔Agedem地区的应用

Key techniques of high-resolution processing of desert seismic data and its application in Agedem area,Niger

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