岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 170–179.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260415

• 石油工程与油气田开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于高精度CT扫描的水驱剩余油赋存状态与演化规律——以松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层为例

李照永1(), 罗雕1(), 迟博1, 刘爽2, 赵久玉1   

  1. 1 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司 勘探开发研究院， 黑龙江 大庆 163712
    2 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司 第六采油厂， 黑龙江 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03 修回日期:2025-12-14 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:李照永（1980—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事大庆外围油田油藏开发工作。地址：（163712）黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区科苑路18号。Email:lizhaoyong@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 罗雕
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“利用大型油气藏埋存二氧化碳关键技术标准研究与应用”(2023YFF0614100)

Occurrence state and evolution of remaining oil after water flooding characterized by high-precision CT scanning: A case study from Cretaceous Sa-Pu reservoir, eastern Daqing placanticline, Songliao Basin

LI Zhaoyong1(), LUO Diao1(), CHI Bo1, LIU Shuang2, ZHAO Jiuyu1   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163712, Heilongjiang, China
    2 No. 6 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Daqing 163712, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-11-03 Revised:2025-12-14 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: LUO Diao E-mail:lizhaoyong@petrochina.com.cn;luodiao@petrochina.com.cn

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摘要：

针对大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层，采用高分辨率CT扫描与水驱实验相结合的方法，系统研究了不同渗透率条件下微观剩余油的赋存形态及其演化规律，通过数值模拟对相对渗透率及润湿性进行了分析，并制定了提高采收率策略。研究结果表明：①大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层平均孔喉半径为6.1~8.0 μm，孔喉比为2.1~2.4，连通孔隙度> 95%，高渗储层（> 150.0 mD）孔喉结构较均一且连通性好，低渗储层（< 50.0 mD）非均质性强，该差异控制了油水两相渗流行为及剩余油空间分布。②研究区样品水驱实验及CT 扫描结果显示，微观剩余油可划分为网络状、多孔状、油膜状和孤滴状4种赋存类型，水驱过程中，剩余油形态演化主要遵循从网络状向多孔状转变的规律。驱替初期以动用连通性好的网络状油为主，采收率增长迅速，进入中后期，剩余油主要以多孔状滞留在孔喉中，导致驱油效率显著下降，含水率快速上升；储层渗透率是控制剩余油形态演化过程的关键因素，高渗储层因初始网络状油更为发育，具有更长的低含水期和更高的采收率。③数值模拟表明，萨葡油层具有强亲油性，采用润湿性反转技术可显著提高油相流动能力，束缚油饱和度平均降低8.9%。④对研究区基于渗透率分级进行差异化开发策略，高渗储层在高含水期开展井网优化，特高含水期实施润湿性反转与化学驱，中渗储层在中含水期实施润湿性反转，低渗储层在中低含水期实施润湿性反转并结合化学驱。

关键词: CT扫描, 剩余油赋存状态, 水驱实验, 提高采收率, 润湿性, 开发策略, 萨葡油层, 白垩系, 大庆长垣

Abstract:

Focusing on Cretaceous Sa-Pu reservoir in eastern Daqing placanticline, the occurrence state and evolution of microscopic remaining oil under different permeability conditions were systematically investigated by integrating high-resolution computed tomography （CT） scanning with water flooding experiments. Numerical simulations of relative permeability and wettability were conducted to formulate strategies for enhanced oil recovery. The results show that: （1） Cretaceous Sa-Pu reservoir in eastern Daqing placanticline is characterized by an average pore-throat radius of 6.1-8.0 μm, pore-throat ratioof 2.1-2.4, and connected porosity exceeding 95%. The pore throat structure of high permeability reservoirs (> 150.0 mD) is relatively homogeneity and well connected, while low-permeability reservoirs (< 50.0 mD) with strong heterogeneity, a disparity that fundamentally go-verns oil-water two-phase flow behavior and remaining oil spatial distribution. （2） The water flooding experiment and CT scanning results of core samples in the study area show that: microscopic remaining oil was identified as four types of occurrence state, such as network-like, pore-clustered, oil-film, and isolated-droplet forms. During water flooding, the remaining oil morphology evolves primarily from network-like to pore-clustered. In the early stage of displacement, well-connected network-like oil is dominated, and the recovery factor increases rapidly. As displacement progresses, in the middle and later stages, remaining oil becomes predominantly trapped in pore throats as pore clusters, resulting in a significant decline in oil displacement efficiency and a rapid rise in water-cut. Reservoir permeability is a key factor in controlling the evolution of the remaining oil morphology. High permeability reservoirs have longer low water-cut periods and higher ultimate recovery factor due to the more developed initial network-like oil. (3) Numerical simulations reveal Sa-Pu reservoir’s strong oil-wet nature, demonstrating that wettability reversal technology significantly enhances oil-phase mobility, with an average reduction in trapped oil saturation of 8.9%. (4) Differentiated development strategies based on permeability grading are proposed in the study area. Well pattern optimization is recommended at the high water-cut stage for high-permeability reservoirs, followed by wettability reversal and chemical flooding at the extra-high water-cut stage. Wettability reversal is implemented during the medium water-cut stage for medium-permeability reservoirs, and wettability reversal combined with chemical flooding are implemented during medium-to-low water-cut stages for low-permeability reservoirs.

Key words: CT scanning, remaining oil occurrence state, water flooding experiment, enhanced oil recovery, wettability, development strategy, Sa-Pu reservoir, Cretaceous, Daqing placanticline

中图分类号: 

  • TE311

表1

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心样品孔隙度和渗透率特征"

样品
编号		 孔隙度/
%		 渗透率/
mD		 样品
编号		 孔隙度/
%		 渗透率/
mD
1# 24.4 246.5 4# 22.1 87.0
2# 21.6 183.0 5# 20.4 73.3
3# 23.4 108.0 6# 21.8 43.7

图1

驱替协同CT扫描实验装置（a）及流程示意图（b）"

图2

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心不同扫描分辨率下计算孔隙度（a）、计算渗透率（b）与实测值对比"

图3

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层2#样品数字岩心及孔隙网络模型"

图4

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心实验模拟毛管压力曲线及孔喉半径分布"

表2

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心微观孔隙结构特征"

样品
编号		 平均孔喉
半径/μm		 最大连通孔
喉半径/μm		 中值孔喉
半径/μm		 孔
喉
比		 配
位
数		 分选
系数		 迂
曲
度		 孤立孔
占比/%
1# 7.9 10.8 7.2 2.24 2 1.44 2.63 1.89
2# 7.4 9.7 6.1 2.28 2 1.42 2.71 1.88
3# 7.1 10.0 6.4 2.36 2 1.44 2.42 1.67
4# 6.6 8.5 5.8 2.37 2 1.40 2.68 1.06
5# 8.0 11.2 6.1 2.28 2 1.41 2.84 2.59
6# 6.1 8.4 4.7 2.14 2 1.46 3.30 3.16

图5

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层2#样品水驱实验模拟油-水相三维分布特征"

图6

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层2#样品水驱实验模拟油-水相二维分布特征"

图7

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心样品水驱实验模拟不同驱替时刻的油滴半径分布"

表3

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层水驱实验模拟微观剩余油赋存状态"

微观剩余油类型 微观模型 形状因子G 接触面积比Ror
网络状 G < 0.01 0 < Ror < 1.00
多孔状 0.01 < G < 0.10 0 < Ror < 1.00
油膜状 0.10 < G < 0.30 0.45 < Ror < 0.60
孤滴状 G > 0.30
0.10 < G < 0.30		 0 < Ror < 1.00
Ror < 0.45或Ror > 0.60

图8

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层岩心样品水驱实验模拟不同注水阶段的微观剩余油分布特征"

图9

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层数值模拟水驱效果"

图10

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层数值模拟水驱过程中界面润湿性演化特征"

图11

松辽盆地大庆长垣东部白垩系萨葡油层Shan-Chen模型模拟不同润湿性条件下油-水两相相对渗透率对比"

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