莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带成藏体系的盖层评价及控藏作用

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20230104

岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 36–48.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230104

莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带成藏体系的盖层评价及控藏作用

范彩伟¹, 贾茹², 柳波², 付晓飞², 侯静娴¹, 靳叶军²

1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司, 广东湛江 524057;
2. 东北石油大学非常规油气研究院, 黑龙江大庆 163318

收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2023-01-01 发布日期:2023-01-06
第一作者:范彩伟(1973-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事石油地质勘探方面的研究工作。地址:(524057)广东省湛江市中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司研究院。Email:fancw@cnooc.com.cn
通信作者: 贾茹(1988-),女,博士,副教授,主要从事油气藏保存条件方面的教学和研究工作。Email:jiaru_dq@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“高温高压背景下重力流岩性圈闭油气保存条件研究”(编号: 42002152)资助

Caprock evaluation and its reservoir control of different accumulation systems in central depression zone of Yinggehai Basin

FAN Caiwei¹, JIA Ru², LIU Bo², FU Xiaofei², HOU Jingxian¹, JIN Yejun²

1. Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524057, Guangdong, China;
2. Institute of Unconventional Oil & Gas, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2022-03-20 Online:2023-01-01 Published:2023-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 莺歌海盆地是我国南海重要的天然气探区。通过对莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带不同成藏体系典型气藏和含气构造的精细解剖，评价了盖层的有效性及控制因素，并分析了盖层对天然气成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明: ①莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带浅层和超浅层成藏体系中，盖层的封盖有效性受到盖层、底辟构造及底辟构造活动伴生断裂的共同控制；中深层成藏体系中普遍存在异常高流体压力，且断裂不太发育，盖层水力封闭是控制油气差异富集的关键因素。②浅层和超浅层成藏体系内，脆性盖层保持封盖有效性的临界断接厚度为86～98 m；中深层成藏体系内，盖层的封盖有效性可以通过水力破裂压力系数进行评价，当系数大于 1 时，意味着盖层已发生破裂或具有极强的水力破裂的风险。③整体上中央坳陷带超压诱发的水力破裂是中深层盖层封闭失效的根本原因，深层天然气通过水力破裂通道运移至浅层，最终经断裂调整至超浅层成藏，气源充足的条件下，超浅层及浅层气藏主要集中分布在底辟的顶部，而中深层气藏主要集中分布于底辟翼部及斜坡区。

关键词: 盖层, 超压, 突破压力, 断裂, 水力破裂, 控藏作用, 中央坳陷带, 莺歌海盆地

Abstract: Yinggehai Basin is an important natural gas exploration area in the South China Sea. Based on detailed analysis of typical gas reservoirs and gas-bearing structures of different accumulation systems in the central depression of Yinggehai Basin，the effectiveness and controlling factors of caprocks were evaluated，and the controlling effects of caprocks on natural gas accumulation were analyzed. The results show that: (1) In the ultra-shallow and shallow accumulation systems in the central depression zone of Yinggehai Basin，the sealing of caprocks is controlled by the caprocks，the diapir structure and the faults associated with the activity of the diapir structure. In the middle-deep accumulation system，under the background of abnormally high fluid pressure and the absence of faults，hydraulic sealing of caprocks is the key factor controlling differential enrichment of oil and gas. (2) The critical juxtaposition thickness of the brittle caprocks to maintain the sealing effectiveness is 86-98 m in the ultrashallow and shallow accumulation systems. The effectiveness of the caprocks in the middle-deep accumulation system can be evaluated by the hydraulic fracturing pressure coefficient. When the value is greater than 1，it means that the caprocks have ruptured or have a strong risk of hydraulic fracturing. (3) From the overall view of the central depression，hydraulic fracturing induced by overpressure is the fundamental cause of sealing failure in mid-deep caprocks. Deep natural gas migrates to shallow layer through hydraulic fracturing channel and finally to the ultra-shallow reservoir through the faults. Therefore，under the condition of sufficient gas source，ultra-shallow and shallow gas reservoirs are mainly distributed at the top of the diapir，while middle-deep gas reservoirs are mainly concentrated in the diapir wing and slope areas.

Key words: caprock, overpressure, breakthrough pressure, fault, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir control, central depression zone, Yinggehai Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

范彩伟, 贾茹, 柳波, 付晓飞, 侯静娴, 靳叶军. 莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带成藏体系的盖层评价及控藏作用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2023, 35(1): 36–48.

FAN Caiwei, JIA Ru, LIU Bo, FU Xiaofei, HOU Jingxian, JIN Yejun. Caprock evaluation and its reservoir control of different accumulation systems in central depression zone of Yinggehai Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(1): 36–48.

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莺歌海盆地中央坳陷带成藏体系的盖层评价及控藏作用

Caprock evaluation and its reservoir control of different accumulation systems in central depression zone of Yinggehai Basin

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