岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 136–145.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260112

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

缝洞型碳酸盐岩岩溶体系表征及油气富集主控因素——以塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系为例

关宝珠1(), 王爱萍2(), 杨新影1, 裴明利2, 万超凡1, 倪祥龙2, 张强2, 杨巍2   

  1. 1 中国石油塔里木油田 勘探开发研究院， 新疆 库尔勒 841000
    2 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院， 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-26 修回日期:2025-07-22 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:关宝珠（1985—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事塔里木碳酸盐岩油藏精细描述和物探解释方面的研究工作。地址：（841000）新疆维吾尔自治区库尔勒市塔里木油田研发中心。Email:guanbz-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 王爱萍
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“富含有机质泥岩盖层生排烃后封闭性变化”(42002180)

Characterization of fracture-cavity carbonate karst system and main controlling factors for hydrocarbon enrichment： A case study of Ordovician in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area

GUAN Baozhu1(), WANG Aiping2(), YANG Xinying1, PEI Mingli2, WAN Chaofan1, NI Xianglong2, ZHANG Qiang2, YANG Wei2   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield， Korla 841000， Xinjiang， China
    2 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2025-07-22 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: WANG Aiping E-mail:guanbz-tlm@petrochina.com.cn;wang_ap@petrochina.com.cn

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摘要：

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层是中国超深层油气勘探的重要领域。基于高密度地震、测井及动态生产资料，构建了塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层构造-岩溶-流体多场耦合储层预测理论框架，通过缝洞系统定量表征技术，系统揭示了储层发育规律与油气富集主控因素。研究结果表明：①轮古油田奥陶系储层非均质性较强，储集空间可划分为4种类型，晶间孔主要发育于晶粒白云岩中，孔径5~20 μm；粒间溶孔主要由鲕粒灰岩等颗粒灰岩经选择性溶蚀形成，孔径50~200 μm，为储层主要渗流通道；微裂缝宽度多小于10 μm；生物体腔孔主要发育于生物碎屑灰岩中，常见海百合茎等生物格架孔，孔径100~500 μm。②表层岩溶储层呈片状分布于古地貌高地，暗河岩溶储层沿古水系呈条带状展布，断控岩溶储层沿断裂带呈线状分布，多属性融合与三维地质建模技术可实现岩溶储层的三维空间整体雕刻。③油气的富集程度受岩溶相-断裂-储层规模控制，Ⅰ类高富集区集中于北东/北东东向断裂带、残丘厚度大于90 m、有效孔隙度大于8%，有效厚度大于550 m区域，为断裂-缝洞双输导、多期复式充注的成藏模式、“表层区侧向追踪、暗河区立体评价、断控区定向输导”的差异化开发策略可使产能提升15%~30%，新增储量大于200×104 t。

关键词: 缝洞型储层, 碳酸盐岩岩溶体系, 表层岩溶, 暗河岩溶, 断控岩溶, 奥陶系, 轮古油田, 塔北地区

Abstract:

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Lungu Oilfield of Tabei area represent a significant target for ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration in China. Based on high-density seismic data, well logging, and dynamic production data, a multi-field coupling reservoir prediction theoretical framework integrating structure, karst, and fluid was established for Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Lungu Oilfield of Tabei area. Through quantitative characterization technology of fracture-cavity systems, the reservoir development patterns and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon enrichment were systematically revealed. The results show that: (1) Ordovician reservoir in Lungu Oilfield exhibits strong heterogeneity, and the reservoir space can be classified into four types: intercrystalline pores mainly develop in grain dolomite, with pore sizes ranging from 5 to 20 μm. Intergranular dissolution pores are mainly formed by selective dissolution of granular limestone, such as oolitic limestone, with pore sizes ranging from 50 to 200 μm, which are the main seepage channels of the reservoir. Microfracture widths are mostly less than 10 μm. Biogenic pores mainly develop in bioclastic limestone, commonly found in biological framework pores, such as crinoid stems, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 500 μm. (2) Epikarst reservoirs are distributed in sheets over paleo-geomorphic highlands, subterranean river karst reservoirs exhibit bead-like distribution along paleo-water systems, and fault-controlled karst reservoirs are bead-string distributed along fault zones. Multi-attribute fusion and 3D geological modeling technologies can achieve holistic 3D spatial characterization of karst reservoirs. (3) The degree of hydrocarbon enrichment is controlled by karst facies-faults-reservoir scale. Class Ⅰ high-enrichment areas are concentrated in NE/NEE-oriented fault zones, with residual hill thickness greater than 90 m, effective porosity greater than 8%, and effective thickness greater than 550 m, forming a hydrocarbon accumulation model characterized by fault and fracture-cavity dual transport and multi-stage composite charging. Differentiated development strategies of “lateral tracking of epikarst reservoirs, 3D evaluation of subterranean river areas, and directional transportation of fault-controlled areas” can increase production capacity by 15%-30%, and add reserves of more than 200×104 t.

Key words: fracture-cavity reservoir, carbonate karst system, epikarst, subterranean river karst, fault-controlled karst, Ordovician, Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.22

图1

塔北地区轮古油田构造位置(a)及奥陶系岩性地层综合柱状图(b)"

图2

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层岩心及显微照片 （a） 泥晶粉屑灰岩，砂屑、粉屑、亮晶方解石充填, JF127井，鹰山组，5 607.34 m；（b） 亮晶鲕粒灰岩、亮晶藻砂屑灰岩，LG13井，一间房组，5 576.12 m；（c） 白云岩、灰质云岩夹泥晶灰岩，埋藏云化作用，LN11井，蓬莱坝组，5 958.52 m；（d） 颗粒泥晶白云岩，晶间孔发育，LG40井，鹰山组，5 708.56 m；（e） 亮晶砂屑灰岩，粒间溶孔和微裂缝，JF126井，一间房组，5 212.51 m；（f） 生屑灰岩，生物体腔孔，LN621井，吐木休克组，5 767.62 m；（g） 灰岩垮塌角砾，大型洞穴底部垮塌充填物，LG42井，鹰山组，5 829.52 m；（h） 巨晶方解石，洞穴内化学淀积充填物，LG403井，鹰山组，5 786.51 m；（i） 亮晶砂屑灰岩，蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞发育，未充填，LG100井，鹰山组，5 973.53 m；（j） 灰绿色粉砂质钙质泥岩，高角度构造缝，LN18井，鹰山组，5 320.52 m；（k） 亮晶砂屑灰岩，泥晶灰岩，溶蚀裂缝，LG7井，鹰山组，5 179.43 m；（l） 砂屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩，成岩收缩缝，LG17井，鹰山组，6 240.52 m。"

图3

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系岩溶垂向分带地震剖面（a）和储层反演剖面（b）"

图4

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系3类岩溶地震反射特征对比"

图5

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系表层岩溶储层分布规律"

图6

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系暗河岩溶储层分布规律"

图7

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系断控岩溶储层分布规律"

图8

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系储层孔隙度三维属性模型"

图9

塔北地区轮古油田中平台奥陶系3类岩溶储层油藏单元评价"

表1

塔北地区轮古油田中平台奥陶系油气富集规律主控因素统计表"

图10

塔北地区轮古油田奥陶系构造成藏模式（剖面位置见图1a）"

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