岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 149–158.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260514

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

珠江口盆地开平凹陷断层封闭性与圈闭有效性评价

蔡俊杰1(), 李雅琪2,3, 高中亮1, 姜福杰2,3(), 姜大朋1, 牛鹏1, 郝绵柱1   

  1. 1 中海石油(中国)有限公司 深圳分公司广东 深圳 518054
    2 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京 102249
    3 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-17 修回日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:蔡俊杰(1990—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事石油地质研究及油气勘探工作。地址:(518000)广东省深圳市南山区后海滨路3168号中海油大厦A座。Email:caijj3@cnooc.com.cn
  • 通信作者: 姜福杰
  • 基金资助:
    中国海洋石油有限公司“十四五”重大科技项目“南海深水区油气勘探开发关键技术”(KJGG2021-0100);中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司重大三外项目“开平凹陷-白云西凹成盆、成烃及沉积演化研究”(SCKY-2024-SZ-01)

Evaluation of fault sealing and trap effectiveness of Kaiping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin

CAI Junjie1(), LI Yaqi2,3, GAO Zhongliang1, JIANG Fujie2,3(), JIANG Dapeng1, NIU Peng1, HAO Mianzhu1   

  1. 1 Shenzhen Branch, CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Exploration, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    3 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2025-12-17 Revised:2026-01-27 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: JIANG Fujie E-mail:caijj3@cnooc.com.cn;jiangfj@cup.edu.cn

摘要:

开平南油田勘探程度低、断裂系统复杂,亟待厘清其断层差异封闭性与圈闭有效性。在对断裂体系特征、圈闭类型进行梳理的基础上,综合运用泥岩涂抹系数(SSF)方法与断层泥比率(SGR)属性,对区内4个主要构造带断层的垂向与侧向封闭能力进行了系统评价;综合圈闭闭合幅度、烃柱高度、圈闭面积及预测有效圈闭面积,建立了圈闭有效性评价分级、分类划分标准,并确定了有效圈闭范围。研究结果表明:①开平凹陷断裂体系具多期活动特征,文昌组主要发育NEE—近EW向断裂,恩平组发育NNE、近EW及NW向断裂;圈闭类型主要包括反向断层圈闭、交叉断块圈闭和自圈圈闭。②开平凹陷含油层段断层垂向封闭SSF临界值为2.3,11-3与11-4构造带SSF小于2.3,断层垂向封闭性较好,有助于保存油气;区域北部(11-1构造带)与西部斜坡(10-1构造带)SSF大于2.3,盖层受到破坏,具有渗漏风险。断裂侧向封闭SGR下限值为26%,11-3和11-4构造带控圈断层可封闭的平均烃柱高度分别为90 m和75 m,11-3构造带控圈断层侧向封闭能力略高,圈闭形成规模较小(圈闭面积为0.28~6.76 km²,预测的有效圈闭面积为0.22~2.90 km²),但具有相对高的闭合幅度(为32~296 m,60%以上的样本大于50 m)。③研究区圈闭按照有效性由高到低可分为一级、二级和三级圈闭,11-3和11-4构造带发育一级圈闭6个,占所有评价圈闭的60%以上,二级圈闭7个,其中11-3构造带B1、E1圈闭可优先部署。

关键词: 泥岩涂抹因子(SSF), 断层泥比率(SGR), 断层封闭性, 断裂体系, 圈闭有效性, 圈闭分级评价, 开平凹陷, 珠江口盆地

Abstract:

Due to the low exploration degree and the complex fault system of Kaipingnan Oilfield, it is urgent to clarify the differential fault sealing and trap effectiveness. Based on the review of fault system characteristics and trap types, the vertical and lateral sealing capacities of faults in four major structural belts within the study area were systematically evaluated by using the shale smear factor (SSF) method and the shale gouge ratio (SGR) attribute. Integrating trap closure amplitude, hydrocarbon column height, trap area and predicted effective trap area, grading and classification criteria for trap effectiveness evaluation were established, and the effective trap range was determined. The results show that: (1) The fault system in Kaiping Sag exhibits multi-phase activity characteristics. Wenchang Formation mainly develops NEE to near EW trending faults, while Enping Formation develops NNE, near EW and NW trending faults. Trap types mainly include antithetic fault traps, cross-fault block traps, and self-sealing traps. (2) The critical value of SSF for vertical sealing of fault in oil-bearing intervals of Kaiping Sag is 2.3. SSF values in 11-3 and 11-4 structural belts are less than 2.3, indicating good vertical fault sealing conducive to hydrocarbon preservation. In contrast, SSF values in the northern area (11-1 structural belt) and the western slope (10-1 structural belt) exceed 2.3, suggesting that cap rocks have been damaged and with leakage risk. The lower limit SGR value for lateral fault sealing is 26%. The average hydrocarbon column heights that can be sealed by trap-bounding faults in 11-3 and 11-4 structural belts are 90 m and 75 m, respectively. The lateral sealing capacity of trap-bounding faults in 11-3 structural belt is slightly higher, with small traps scale (trap area rangs from 0.28 km2 to 6.76 km2, predicted effective trap area is 0.22-2.90 km2), but exhibit relatively large closure amplitudes (being 32-296 m, over 60% of samples exceeding 50 m). (3) According to trap effectiveness, traps in the study area are classified into three levels from high to low: Level Ⅰ, level Ⅱ, and level Ⅲ. 6 level Ⅰ traps developed in 11-3 and 11-4 structural belts, accounting for over 60% of all evaluated traps, and there are 7 level Ⅱ traps. Among them, trap B1 and trap E1 in 11-3 structural belt are priority targets for exploration deployment.

Key words: shale smear factor (SSF), shale gouge ratio (SGR), fault sealing, fault system, trap effectiveness, trap grading evaluation, Kaiping Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE5

图1

珠江口盆地开平凹陷构造带划分(a)和岩性地层综合柱状图(b)"

图2

开平凹陷不同时期断裂走向玫瑰花图"

图3

开平凹陷典型断裂不同时期生长指数分布图"

图4

开平凹陷典型断裂断距-埋深曲线"

图5

开平凹陷11-4构造带(a)、开平凹陷11-3构造带(b)圈闭与断层分布(构造带位置见图1)"

表1

开平凹陷圈闭类型划分"

地区 圈闭 控圈断层 圈闭类型 圈闭钻井
开平
凹陷
11-4
构造带
A块圈闭 自圈圈闭 S1、S3
B1块圈闭 F1 反向断层下盘圈闭 S2d
B3块圈闭 F3 反向断层下盘圈闭 S4
C块圈闭 F2 交叉断层圈闭 S5d
D块圈闭 F7 反向断层下盘圈闭 S6d
开平
凹陷
11-3
构造带
A块圈闭 F11-W 交叉断层圈闭 C1
F11-E C1
B1块圈闭 F13 交叉断层圈闭
F18
B2块圈闭 F12 反向断层下盘圈闭
C1-1块圈闭 F14 交叉断层圈闭
F15
C1-2块圈闭 F15 反向断层下盘圈闭
C2块圈闭 F14 反向断层下盘圈闭
E1块圈闭 F16 交叉断层圈闭
F17 交叉断层圈闭

图6

开平凹陷11-3构造带、11-4构造带圈闭类型柱状图"

图7

不同脆韧性岩内断裂变形机制及生长演化模式"

图8

岩性对接类型及其封闭性分析方法"

图9

开平凹陷古近系恩平组下段顶部盖层封闭性评价"

图10

开平凹陷11-4构造带已钻圈闭控圈断层泥比率(SGR)-支撑过断层压差(AFPD)投点图"

表2

开平凹陷11-4构造带与开平11-3构造带控圈断层评价"

构造带 圈闭区块 控圈
断裂
SGR/% 可封闭
的烃柱
高度/m
断层可封闭含油范围的油水界面深度/m
11-4
构造带
B1块圈闭 F1 26~60 87.6 3 599.7
F1 66.9 3 674.7
F1 80.7 4 240.6
B3块圈闭 F3 35~60 73.5 3 433.5
C块圈闭 F2 35~70 75.0 3 362.0
D块圈闭 F7 35~75 67.3 3 257.3
11-3
构造带
A块圈闭 F11-W 40~60 82.0 3 390.0
F11-E 80.0 3 390.0
B1块圈闭 F13 35~70 89.3 3 509.0
F18 91.9 3 509.0
B2块圈闭 F12 35~60 93.5 3 314.0
C1-1块圈闭 F14 40~75 102.0 3 373.0
C1-2块圈闭 F15 40~60 101.3 3 351.0
C2块圈闭 F14 40~75 95.5 3 196.0

表3

开平凹陷圈闭参数评分定级标准"

单项
得分
烃柱
高度/m
闭合
幅度/m
圈闭
面积/km2
预测有效
圈闭面积/km2
总分 圈闭
级别
1 < 75 < 50 < 2 < 1 < 1.5 三级
2 75~100 50~85 2~6 1~2 1.5~2.0 二级
3 > 100 > 85 > 6 > 2 ≥ 2.0 一级

表4

开平凹陷圈闭参数对比定级"

构造带 圈闭名称 闭合幅度 烃柱高度 圈闭面积 预测有效圈闭面积 综合
得分
圈闭定级
结果
圈闭钻井
数值/m 得分 数值/m 得分 数值//km2 得分 数值/km2 得分
11-4
构造带
C1(样本) 104 3 75.00 2 4.06 2 3.70 3 2.50 一级圈闭 S5d
B1(样本) 53 2 75.00 2 19.9 3 0.90 1 2.00 一级圈闭 S2d
D(样本) 61 2 67.36 1 8.2 3 3.26 3 2.25 一级圈闭 S6d
A(样本) 57 2 70.00 1 2.61 2 2.61 2 1.75 二级圈闭 S1、S3
B3(样本) 45 1 69.00 1 19.9 3 0.20 1 1.50 二级圈闭 S4
11-3
构造带
E1 296 3 100.45 3 4.61 2 0.50 1 2.25 一级圈闭 建议钻井
B1 135 3 89.39 2 6.76 3 2.90 3 2.75 一级圈闭 建议钻井
A(样本) 98 3 80.00 2 2.43 2 2.40 3 2.50 一级圈闭 C1
C2 85 2 95.58 2 1.48 1 1.10 2 1.75 二级圈闭
E2 46 1 105.00 3 0.65 1 0.40 1 1.50 二级圈闭
C1-2 32 1 101.27 3 0.53 1 0.32 1 1.50 二级圈闭
C1-1 44 1 101.27 3 0.51 1 0.30 1 1.50 二级圈闭
B2 50 2 93.45 2 0.28 1 0.22 1 1.50 二级圈闭

图11

开平凹陷11-4构造带(a)、11-3构造带(b)有利圈闭分类评价结果"

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