黔西北中部地区二叠系龙潭组煤层气成藏条件

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260106

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 67–77.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260106

黔西北中部地区二叠系龙潭组煤层气成藏条件

姚嘉禹¹^,²(), 曹文杰³(), 王文强¹^,², 毛礼鑫¹^,², 罗斌¹^,²

¹ 江苏地质矿产设计研究院，江苏徐州 221006
² 中国煤炭地质总局页岩气重点实验室，江苏徐州 221006
³ 淮安市地质矿产勘查院，江苏淮安 223001

收稿日期:2025-04-08 修回日期:2025-07-01 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
第一作者:姚嘉禹（1985—），男，工程师，主要从事矿物学、岩石学、矿床学与煤层气储层方面的研究与测试工作。地址：（221006）江苏省徐州市泉山区纺织路1号。Email:307615711@qq.com。
通信作者: 曹文杰
基金资助:
徐州市科技局科技专项“针对粉煤灰中343产业所需关键原料锂的提关键技术研究”(KC23073)

Geological condition for coalbed methane accumulation of Permian Longtan Formation in the central part of Northwest Guizhou

YAO Jiayu¹^,²(), CAO Wenjie³(), WANG Wenqiang¹^,², MAO Lixin¹^,², LUO Bin¹^,²

¹ Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
² Key Laboratory of Shale Gas of China General Administration of Coal Geology, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China
³ Huai’an Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China

Received:2025-04-08 Revised:2025-07-01 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
Contact: CAO Wenjie E-mail:307615711@qq.com;470716219@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黔西北地区煤炭资源储量巨大，具有丰富的煤系气资源，展现出良好的开发前景。基于煤工业分析、扫描电镜、等温吸附、气体组分分析、含气量分析等实验测试，从生气条件、储层条件、储-盖组合、含气性4个方面对黔西北中部地区二叠系龙潭组煤层气成藏条件进行了研究。研究结果表明：①黔西北中部地区煤岩的煤质较好，主要形成于潮湿覆水的环境中，以Ⅲ型有机质为主，有机质丰度平均为63.25%，具有较高的热演化程度，R_o为2.54%~3.50%，具备较强的生烃潜力。②研究区煤层气组分以甲烷为主，干燥系数大于0.99，其质量体积为5.68~20.12 cm³/g，具有“北高南低”的分布特征。③研究区煤岩主要发育晶间孔、有机质孔隙和微裂隙等3种孔隙类型，储层的吸附能力强、渗流能力较弱，具有较强的可压裂性。④研究区龙潭组沉积期，受海陆过渡相的影响，主要形成了煤-泥岩和煤-粉砂岩等2类储-盖组合类型，为“自生自储”成藏模式。

关键词: 煤层气, 吸附气, Ⅲ型有机质, 潮湿覆水环境, 高热演化程度, 自生自储, 龙潭组, 二叠系, 黔西北

Abstract:

Northwest Guizhou hosts vast coal reserves and abundant coal-measure gas resources, demonstrating promising development prospect. Based on coal-proximate analysis, scanning electron microscope, isothermal adsorption, gas-composition analysis and gas-content measurements, reservoir formation condition of coalbed methane (CBM) of Permian Longtan Formation in the central part of Northwest Guizhou was studied from four aspects: gas-generation condition, reservoir properties, reservoir-cap assemblages and gas-bearing properties. The results show that: （1） Coal rocks in the central part of Northwest Guizhou are of high quality, mainly formed in water-inundated and humid settings. They are dominated by type Ⅲ organic matter, with an average organic matter abundance of 63.25%. Thermal maturity is high, with vitrinite reflectance (R_o) ranging from 2.54% to 3.50%, indicating strong hydrocarbon generation potential. （2） CBM in the study area is mainly methane,with dryness coefficient greater than 0.99，and mass volume of 5.68-20.12 cm³/g, exhibiting a distribution characteristic of “high in the north and low in the south”. （3） Coal rocks in the study area mainly develop three types of pore: intercrystalline pores, organic matter pores and microfractures. The reservoirs show strong adsorption capacity but weak seepage ability, and exhibit strong fracturing potential. （4） During the sedimentary period of Longtan Formation in the study area, two types （coal mudstone and coal siltstone） of reservoir-cap assemblages mainly formed under the influence of marine-continental transitional environment, which is the reservoir formation model of “self generation and self storage”.

Key words: coalbed methane, adsorbed gas, type Ⅲ organic matter, water-inundated and humid settings, high degree of thermal evolution, self generation and self storage, Longtan Formation, Permian, Northwest Guizhou

中图分类号:

TE122

姚嘉禹, 曹文杰, 王文强, 毛礼鑫, 罗斌. 黔西北中部地区二叠系龙潭组煤层气成藏条件[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(1): 67–77.

YAO Jiayu, CAO Wenjie, WANG Wenqiang, MAO Lixin, LUO Bin. Geological condition for coalbed methane accumulation of Permian Longtan Formation in the central part of Northwest Guizhou[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(1): 67–77.

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井号	样品编号	深度/ m	w（水分）/%	w（灰分）/%	w（挥发分）/%	w（固定碳）/%	最大镜质组反射率/%
J1井	M1-1	927.40	1.11	21.02	7.60	70.27	3.07
	M1-2	928.20	0.88	15.50	7.34	76.28	3.21
	M2-1	943.45	1.20	21.66	6.36	70.78	3.50
	M2-2	943.90	1.34	37.84	9.89	50.93	3.27
	M3-1	947.45	1.02	33.08	6.91	58.99	3.38
	M3-2	948.00	1.38	33.77	5.60	59.25	3.44
	M4-1	959.25	1.40	27.16	5.68	65.76	3.41
	M4-2	959.80	0.92	24.03	6.83	68.22	3.47
N2井	M3-0	838.73	0.99	26.54	9.18	63.29	2.74
	M5-0	850.38	1.25	30.98	7.41	60.36	2.85
	M6-0	864.71	1.28	17.99	5.87	74.86	2.65
	M7-0	877.26	2.18	42.71	7.10	48.01	2.54
	M9-0	885.00	1.30	20.64	6.95	71.11	2.75
D2井	M4-0	481.77	1.96	19.57	5.95	72.52	3.09
	M7-0	528.40	2.17	17.96	5.67	74.2	3.19
	M8-0	530.92	1.94	34.37	5.73	57.96	3.11
	M10-0	548.09	2.10	39.34	5.19	53.37	3.20
	M11-0	561.97	1.37	21.25	5.42	71.96	3.18
	M12-0	571.85	1.68	30.47	4.54	63.31	3.12
	M13-0	578.95	1.22	23.77	5.65	69.36	3.17

井名	样品编号	ϕ（镜质组）/%	ϕ（壳质组）/%	ϕ（惰质组）/%	TI 指数	有机质类型	镜惰比
J1井	M1-1	27.40	0	49.60	-70.15	Ⅲ型	0.55
	M1-2	28.60	0	58.00	-79.45	Ⅲ型	0.49
	M2-1	36.60	0	56.70	-84.15	Ⅲ型	0.65
	M2-2	28.10	0	29.70	-50.78	Ⅲ型	0.95
	M3-1	51.90	0	26.90	-65.83	Ⅲ型	1.93
	M3-2	38.00	0	32.50	-61.00	Ⅲ型	1.17
	M4-1	57.00	0	32.90	-75.65	Ⅲ型	1.73
	M4-2	43.70	0	24.00	-56.78	Ⅲ型	1.82
N2井	M3-0	38.50	/	29.80	-58.68	Ⅲ型	1.29
	M5-0	38.80	/	25.10	-54.20	Ⅲ型	1.55
	M6-0	46.00	/	35.70	-70.20	Ⅲ型	1.29
	M7-0	35.80	/	29.20	-56.05	Ⅲ型	1.23
	M9-0	47.50	/	31.80	-67.43	Ⅲ型	1.49
D2井	M4-0	66.50	/	24.20	-74.08	Ⅲ型	2.75
	M7-0	34.30	/	63.10	-88.83	Ⅲ型	0.54
	M8-0	30.90	/	50.10	-73.28	Ⅲ型	0.62
	M10-0	37.60	/	46.00	-74.20	Ⅲ型	0.82
	M11-0	46.90	/	43.50	-78.68	Ⅲ型	1.08
	M12-0	40.10	/	41.40	-71.48	Ⅲ型	0.97
	M13-0	43.00	/	43.20	-75.45	Ⅲ型	1.00

井名	样品编号	ϕ（煤层气组分）/%
井名	样品编号	N₂	CO₂	甲烷	C₂—C₆
N2	M3-0	1.88	0.13	97.70	0.29
	M5-0	2.51	0.21	97.00	0.28
	M6-0	1.58	0.49	97.67	0.26
	M7-0	1.59	1.04	97.12	0.25
	M9-0	0.54	1.31	97.82	0.33
D2	M4-0	2.25	0.41	97.06	0.28
	M7-0	3.64	0.91	95.22	0.23
	M8-0	1.62	0.88	97.23	0.27
	M10-0	1.46	0.59	97.69	0.28
	M11-0	0.87	1.41	97.47	0.25
	M12-0	8.77	0.73	90.24	0.26
	M13-0	2.10	1.23	96.40	0.27
J1	M1-1	8.48	2.69	88.43	0.40
	M1-2	8.56	2.87	88.20	0.37
	M2-1	1.69	1.54	96.36	0.41
	M2-2	4.84	1.90	92.87	0.39
	M3-1	5.10	0.91	93.53	0.46
	M3-2	4.30	1.05	94.25	0.40
	M4-1	5.73	1.06	92.79	0.42
	M4-2	0.64	0.79	98.09	0.48

井名	样品编号	V_L/(m³·t^-1)	P_L/MPa	v(含气)/ (m³·t^-1)	吸附饱和度/%
N2井	N2-M3-0	19.92	1.35	13.34	66.97
	N2-M5-0	18.80	1.19	14.09	74.95
	N2-M6-0	19.23	1.57	10.28	53.46
	N2-M7-0	15.24	1.21	8.63	56.63
	N2-M9-0	20.00	1.59	12.05	60.25
J1井	J1-M1-1	23.75	1.47	16.15	68.00
	J1-M2-1	13.53	1.38	8.57	63.34
	J1-M2-2	14.29	1.28	9.88	69.14
	J1-M3-1	19.76	1.51	14.28	72.27
	J1-M4-1	15.46	1.11	10.49	67.85

黔西北中部地区二叠系龙潭组煤层气成藏条件

Geological condition for coalbed methane accumulation of Permian Longtan Formation in the central part of Northwest Guizhou

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