岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 54–66.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260305

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩储层特征及可动孔喉下限

蒋龙1,2(), 程紫燕1,2,3(), 孙红霞1,2, 刘祖鹏1,2, 李忠新1,2,4, 田选华5, 彭琳雄5, 朱丽5   

  1. 1 中国石化胜利油田分公司 勘探开发研究院， 山东 东营 257015
    2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室， 北京 102206
    3 中国石油大学(北京) 石油工程学院， 北京 102249
    4 中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院， 山东 青岛 266580
    5 广东石油化工学院石油工程学院（广东省非常规能源工程技术中心）， 广东 茂名 525000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-23 修回日期:2026-01-27 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-03-17
  • 第一作者:蒋龙（1970—），硕士，高级工程师，主要从事稠油开发、陆相页岩油开发技术攻关及产能建设研究与管理工作。地址：（257000）山东省东营市东营区聊城路2号。Email:jianglong036.slyt@sinopec.com。
  • 通信作者: 程紫燕（1981—），中国石油大学（北京）在读博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事页岩油气藏、砂砾岩油藏和稠油油藏开发及未动用储量评价等方面的研究工作。Email:chengziyan720.slyt@sinopec.com。
  • 基金资助:
    2024年度国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目“陆相断陷湖盆页岩油富集机理与立体开发方法”(U24B6002);国家科技重大专项“渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系陆相页岩油勘探开发技术与集成示范”(2024ZD1405100)

Characteristics and lower limit of movable pore throat of shale reservoir of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin

JIANG Long1,2(), CHENG Ziyan1,2,3(), SUN Hongxia1,2, LIU Zupeng1,2, LI Zhongxin1,2,4, TIAN Xuanhua5, PENG Linxiong5, ZHU Li5   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company， Dongying 257015, Shandong, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
    3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum （Beijing）, Beijing 102249, China
    4 School of Geosciences， China University of Petroleum （East China）, Qingdao 266580, Shandong，China
    5 School of Petroleum Engineering (Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province for Unconventional Energy), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2025-12-23 Revised:2026-01-27 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-03-17

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摘要：

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩油气资源丰富。通过岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析、高压压汞、核磁共振、弹性降压开采模拟等多种测试手段，明确了页岩储层岩石学特征与微观孔隙结构特征，并厘定了理想条件下与弹性降压开采条件下的可动孔喉下限。研究结果表明：①渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩沉积构造主要有纹层状、层—纹层状、层状和弱纹层状4类，数量占比分别为22.12%、19.67%、52.80%、5.38%；优势岩相为纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩、层状隐晶泥质灰岩、纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩3类，占比分别为33.30%、13.20%、17.70%；矿物组成主要为碳酸盐矿物、长英质矿物、黏土矿物、黄铁矿4类，以碳酸盐矿物为主，其体积分数接近50%。②页岩基质孔隙类型以粒间孔和晶间孔为主；储层整体物性差，优势岩相平均孔隙度为3.50%~4.00%，渗透率主要为0.010~0.100 mD，不同优势岩相之间的平均孔隙度和渗透率差异较小，纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩储层的孔喉连通性与流体可动用能力更好。③研究区3种优势岩相的可动孔喉下限表现为，层状隐晶泥质灰岩 > 纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩 > 纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩；理想条件下，页岩储层可动孔喉下限小于10.00 nm；在弹性降压开采条件下，可动孔喉下限可提高幅度近于一个数量级，其中，层状隐晶泥质灰岩相的可动孔喉下限可达35.52 nm。

关键词: 页岩油, 储层特征, 孔隙结构, 可动孔喉下限, 沙河街组三段, 古近系, 渤南洼陷, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

There are abundant shale oil and gas resources in the lower third member of Shahejie Formation （Es3） in Paleogene of Bonan subsag of Bohai Bay Basin. By various testing methods such as core observation, casting thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, high pressure mercury injection, nuclear magnetic resonance and elastic depressurization mining simulation, petrological characteristics and microscopic pore structure characteristics of shale reservoirs in the study area were clarified, and the lower limit of movable pore throat under ideal conditions and elastic depressurization mining conditions was determined. The results show that: （1） Shale sedimentary structures of the lower Es3 in Bonan subsag are mainly laminated, layered-laminated, layered and weakly laminated, accounting for 22.12%, 19.67%, 52.80% and 5.38%, respectively. Dominant lithofacies are laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone, layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone and laminated cryptocrystalline calcareous mudstone, accounting for 33.30%, 13.20% and 17.70%, respectively. The mineral composition is mainly composed of 4 types: carbonate minerals, felsic minerals, clay minerals, and pyrite, with carbonate minerals as the main component and with the volume fraction of nearly 50%. （2） Pore types of shale matrix are mainly intergranular pores and intercrystallite pores. Overall physical properties of the reservoir are poor, dominant lithofacies have an average porosity of 3.50%-4.00% and permeability mainly ranging from 0.010 mD to 0.100 mD. Differences of average porosity and permeability among different dominant lithofacies are relatively small. Pore throat connectivity and fluid availability of laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous mudstone reservoirs are better. （3） Lower limits of movable pore throat for three dominant lithofacies in the study area are as follows: layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone > laminated cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone > laminated cryptocrystalline calcareous mudstone. Under ideal conditions, the lower limit of movable pore throat of shale reservoir is less than 10.00 nm. Under the condition of elastic depressurization mining, the lower limit of movable pore throat in shale reservoir can be increased by nearly one order of magnitude. Among them, the lower limit of movable pore throat in layered cryptocrystalline argillaceous limestone can reach 35.52 nm.

Key words: shale oil, reservoir characteristics, pore structure, lower limit of movable pore throat, the third member of Shahejie Formation, Paleogene, Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.23

图1

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷区域位置(a)及古近系沙河街组沙三段岩性地层综合柱状图(b)"

表1

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段沉积构造类型及特征"

构造类型 构造组成 构造特征 厚度/mm 矿物组成
纹层状 以泥质和灰质纹层为主，少量有机质富集层 纹层表现为明显的明暗相间层理，以平直状为主，部分呈脉状、透镜状延伸，水平层理紧密排列，相邻层差异明显 < 1 灰质纹层为隐晶和亮晶方解石2种晶体结构组成；泥质纹层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石组成
层—纹层状 泥质层和灰质层 表现为灰暗相间的层理，层理界线清晰但不连续，呈灰白色脉状、波状或条带状延伸，有机质、生物碎片等呈定向排列 1~100 灰质层以隐晶方解石为主，部分为亮晶方解石；泥质层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、
黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石组成，
颗粒粒径较小，一般为3~10 μm
层状 泥质层 薄片及扫描电镜下均表现为基本无层理，且无明显的定向结构 > 100 主要由均匀的石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石和少量白云石等组成
弱纹层状 泥质层和灰质层 纹层表现为灰暗相间层理，层理界线不清晰且不连续，呈不连续的灰白色脉状、透镜状延伸，有机质、生物碎片等呈定向排列 1~100 灰质层由隐晶方解石组成；泥质层主要由石英、长石等泥质颗粒、黏土矿物、隐晶方解石
和少量白云石组成

图2

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩储层沉积构造 （a）—（c） 隐晶灰质纹层、泥质纹层，义页1-2VF井，4 009.00 m，分别为岩心、铸体薄片和扫描电镜；（d）—（f） 亮晶灰质纹层、泥质纹层，义页1-1VF井，4 607.30 m，分别为岩心、铸体薄片和扫描电镜；（g）—（i） 隐晶灰质纹层、泥质纹层，义页1-2VF井，3 927.40 m，分别为岩心、铸体薄片和扫描电镜；（j）—（l） 隐晶灰质层状构造，义页1-2VF井，3 755.03 m，分别为岩心、铸体薄片和扫描电镜；（m）—（o） 隐晶灰质团状、泥质纹层，义页1-1VF井，4 877.80 m，分别为岩心、铸体薄片和扫描电镜。"

图3

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩储层矿物显微特征 （a） 亮晶方解石纹层，方解石为细晶结构，义页1-1VF井，4 505.05 m，铸体薄片；（b） 亮晶方解石纹层，方解石呈细晶，义页1-1VF井，4 670.30 m，扫描电镜；（c） 隐晶方解石纹层，方解石呈泥晶，渤页5-2HF井，4 086.90 m，铸体薄片；（d） 隐晶方解石纹层，方解石呈泥晶，渤页5-2HF井，4 014.70 m，扫描电镜；（e） 隐晶方解石与泥质混合形成灰泥纹层或灰泥岩，义页1-2VF井，3 878.10 m，铸体薄片；（f） 隐晶方解石与泥质混合形成灰泥纹层或灰泥岩，义页1-2VF井，3 878.10 m，扫描电镜；（g） 方解石呈生物介壳，义页1-1VF井，4 722.89 m，铸体薄片；（h） 方解石呈生物介壳，渤页5-2HF井，4 020.00 m，扫描电镜；（i） 长英质矿物以石英为主，可见少量斜长石，义页1-1VF井，5 096.30 m，铸体薄片；（j） 长英质矿物以石英为主，可见少量斜长石，义页1-1VF井，4 623.30 m，扫描电镜；（k） 石英颗粒，义页1-1VF井，4 903.70 m，扫描电镜；（l） 长石，渤页5-2HF井，4 009.00 m，扫描电镜；（m） 粒间丝状伊利石，渤页5-2HF井，4 027.64 m，扫描电镜；（n） 岩屑伊利石化，渤页5-2HF井，4 039.19 m，扫描电镜；（o） 黄铁矿以草莓状形态分布于泥质纹层中，义页1-2VF井，3 909.45 m，扫描电镜；（p） 草莓状黄铁矿，义页1-2VF井，3 953.20 m，扫描电镜。"

表2

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势岩相主要矿物组成"

岩相 ϕ（方解石） ϕ（黏土矿物） ϕ（长英质矿物） ϕ（黄铁矿）
纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩 50.0~70.0 10.0~25.0 8.0~30.0 1.1~3.5
层状隐晶泥质灰岩 50.0~70.0 10.0~20.0 15.0~25.0 1.0~4.0
纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩 15.0~50.0 10.0~50.0 10.0~40.0 2.0~6.0

图4

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩不同类型孔隙微观特征 （a） 粒间孔，义页1-2VF井，3 974.50 m；（b） 粒间孔，渤页5-2HF井，4 071.04 m；（c） 粒内孔，渤页5-2HF井，4 053.64 m；（d） 粒内孔，义页1-2VF井，4 093.90 m；（e） 晶间孔，义页1-1VF井，4 573.30 m；（f） 晶间孔，义页1-1VF井，4 531.20 m；（g） 晶内孔，义页1-2VF井，4 059.25 m；（h） 晶内孔，义页1-2VF井，4 013.39 m。"

图5

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段页岩油储层孔渗交会图"

图6

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷义页1-2VF井古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相高压压汞曲线"

表3

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相圧汞参数"

岩相 样品
数/块		 排驱
压力/MPa		 孔喉半径/nm 分选
系数		 最大进汞饱和度/% 退汞
效率/%		 中值压力/MPa
纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩 28 16.5 9.2 1.1 69.5 39.3 109.5
层状隐晶
泥质灰岩		 16 14.5 8.3 1.2 74.5 33.0 115.0
纹层状隐晶灰质泥岩 5 21.7 7.2 1.2 75.4 42.6 99.6
平均 16.4 8.7 1.2 71.7 37.6 110.0

图7

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷义页1-2VF井古近系沙三下亚段优势岩相的核磁共振曲线"

图8

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相J函数曲线 注：红色实线为均值化处理后的岩相“J函数”曲线，带散点细线为不同岩心样品的“J函数”曲线。"

图9

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相平均毛管压力曲线"

图10

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相累积渗透率贡献分布曲线"

图11

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩岩相的压汞-核磁孔径转换"

图12

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段优势页岩的核磁共振与离心实验联测结果"

图13

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段层状隐晶泥质灰岩岩相的弹性降压开采模拟结果"

图14

渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷古近系沙三下亚段层状隐晶泥质灰岩储层的可动孔喉下限确定方法"

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