岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 67–78.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260306

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地普光地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段储层发育特征及主控因素

周凯1(), 齐仁理1, 徐文礼2(), 尹青1, 高璐1, 李双双1, 黄钦阳1, 全豪3   

  1. 1 中国石化中原油田分公司 勘探开发研究院， 河南 濮阳 457001
    2 成都理工大学 沉积地质研究院， 成都 610059
    3 中国石油塔里木油田公司 勘探开发研究院， 新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20 修回日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 第一作者:周凯（1984—），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事油气地质与勘探研究工作。地址：（457001）河南省濮阳市中原东路360号。Email:zhouk.zyyt@sinopec.com。
  • 通信作者: 徐文礼（1982—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事碳酸盐岩沉积与储层机理等方面的研究工作。Email:xuwenli5@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“川东地区下三叠统嘉陵江组白云岩分布规律及形成机理”(41972109)

Reservoir development characteristics and main controlling factors of the second member of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Puguang area, Sichuan Basin

ZHOU Kai1(), QI Renli1, XU Wenli2(), YIN Qing1, GAO Lu1, LI Shuangshuang1, HUANG Qinyang1, QUAN Hao3   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch, Puyang 457001, Henan, China
    2 Sedimentary Geology Research Institute， Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
    3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2025-10-20 Revised:2026-01-09 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-03-24

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摘要：

以四川盆地普光地区下三叠统嘉陵江组二段（嘉二段）碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象，综合利用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井解释、物性分析及地球化学测试等资料，系统分析了储层特征及其发育主控因素，明确了沉积古地貌控制下的滩体沉积与多期成岩改造的耦合机制，建立了优质储层演化模式，并预测了有利勘探区带。研究结果表明：①普光地区下三叠统嘉二段储集岩以颗粒白云岩和粉晶白云岩为主，储集空间以粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔及裂缝为主，整体属于低孔低渗型储层，局部见高孔高渗、低孔高渗。②研究区压实、胶结作用导致原生孔隙缩减，白云石化作用形成了晶间孔并增强了岩石的抗压实性，渗透回流与蒸发泵模式分别为粉晶白云岩和泥微晶白云岩的形成机制，准同生期大气淡水溶蚀作用叠加埋藏期有机酸溶蚀作用显著改善了孔隙结构，构造破裂作用形成的高角度裂缝网络提升了岩石的储渗性能。③研究区嘉二段储层受沉积微相与成岩作用双重控制，相对优质储层主要形成于颗粒滩和云坪微相，白云石化作用和溶蚀作用是优质储层发育的关键，破裂作用改善了储层的连通性。④研究区嘉二段Ⅰ类有利勘探区主要分布于双庙场地区，为台内滩亚相；Ⅱ类有利区5个，发育台内滩相，分布于双庙场、清溪场、毛坝和分水岭地区；Ⅲ类有利区3个，发育云坪、灰坪微相或台内滩亚相，分布于川付85井区、明1井区以及雷音铺等区域。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩储层, 白云石化作用, 颗粒滩, 云坪, 蒸发-局限台地, 嘉陵江组二段, 下三叠统, 普光地区, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Comprehensively utilizing data from core observation, thin section identification, logging interpretation, physical property analysis, and geochemical testing, reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate reservoirs in the second member of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation in Puguang area of Sichuan Basin were systematically analyzed. The coupling mechanism between tidal flat deposition controlled by paleogeomorphology and multi-stage diagenetic modifications was clarified, an evolution model for high-quality reservoirs was established, and favorable exploration areas were predicted. The results show that: （1） In Puguang area, reservoir rocks of the second member of Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation are dominated by granular dolomite and silt-sized crystalline dolomite, reservoir spaces mainly include intergranular dissolved pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, and fractures. Reservoirs are generally of low porosity and low permeability, with local occurrences of high porosity and high permeability or low porosity and high permeability. （2） In the study area, compaction and cementation lead to the reduction of primary pores, while dolomitization forms intercrystalline pores and enhances compaction resistance. The seepage-reflux model and evaporation-pumping model represent formation mechanisms of the silt-sized crystalline dolomite and micritic dolomite, respectively. Penecontemporaneous meteoric freshwater dissolution superimposed with burial-stage organic acid dissolution significantly improves the pore structure, and the high-angle fracture network formed by tectonic fracturing enhances reservoir porosity and permeability. （3） Reservoir development of the second member of Jialingjiang Formation in the study area is dually controlled by sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis. Relatively high-quality reservoirs are mainly formed in granular shoal and dolomitic flat microfacies. Dolomitization and dissolution are key factors to the development of high-quality reservoirs, and fracturing improves reservoir connectivity. （4） Class I favorable exploration areas of the second member of Jialingjiang Formation in the study area are mainly distributed in Shuangmiaochang area, which are subfacies of intra platform shoals. There are 5 favorable exploration areas of Class Ⅱ, which develop intra platform beach facies, and distribute in Shuangmiao-chang, Qingxichang, Maoba, and Fenshuiling areas. There are 3 favorable exploration areas of Class Ⅲ, with the development of dolomitic flat, gray flat microfacies or intra platform beach subfacies, which distribute in Chuanfu 85 well area, Ming Ⅰ well area, and Leiyinpu area.

Key words: carbonate reservoir, dolomitization, granular shoal, dolomitic flat, evaporation-restricted platform, the second member of Jialingjiang Formation, Lower Triassic, Puguang area, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122

图1

四川盆地普光地区位置（a）、沉积相分布特征（b）及三叠系嘉陵江组岩性地层综合柱状图（c）"

图2

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段储集岩石典型照片 (a) 砂屑灰岩，川岳84井，3 747.70 m，单偏光；(b) 鲕粒白云岩，老君2井，4 609.00 m，单偏光；(c) 生屑白云岩，川岳84井，3 737.20 m，单偏光；(d) 膏质白云岩，分4井，5 264.48 m，单偏光；(e) 粉晶白云岩，分4井，5 257.58 m，单偏光；(f) 粉晶白云岩，双庙1井，3 574.90 m，单偏光。"

图3

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段储集空间典型照片 (a) 粒间（溶）孔，分4井，5 262.51 m，单偏光；(b) 铸模孔被方解石充填，川岳83井，4 041.64 m，正交偏光；(c) 晶间孔，分4井，5 258.05 m，单偏光；(d) 晶间溶孔，分4井，5 257.58 m，单偏光；(e) 膏溶孔被方解石充填，川岳83井，4 041.64 m，单偏光；(f) 缝合线缝和裂缝，分4井，5 264.48 m，单偏光。"

图4

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段孔渗关系 注：A区、B区分别指示裂缝-孔隙型储层、孔隙型储层。"

表1

普光地区双庙1井、新清溪1井三叠系嘉陵江组二段孔隙结构参数统计"

井名 排驱压力/MPa 中值压力/MPa 最大喉道半径/μm 中值喉道半径/μm 最小含水饱和度/%
双庙1井 0.35~20.46/7.19 0.57~37.78/14.95 0.04~2.17/0.69 0.02~1.31/0.27 1.35~19.65/10.16
新清溪1井 0.15~9.38/1.99 1.23~143.54/31.92 0.08~5.12/1.60 0.01~0.61/0.11 1.59~46.37/14.78

图5

普光地区双庙1井、新清溪1井三叠系嘉陵江组二段储层典型压汞曲线"

图6

普光地区双庙1井和新清溪1井三叠系嘉陵江组二段孔喉类型分布"

图7

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段各亚段沉积相分布特征"

图8

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段不同岩性稀土元素配分模式"

图9

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段白云岩Sr同位素演化趋势与海平面变化曲线对比"

图10

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段岩心构造破裂镜下特征 (a) 裂缝及溶蚀孔洞，分4井，5 261.96 m；(b) 裂缝被方解石、石膏充填，分4井，5 261.18 m，单偏光；(c) 裂缝，分4井，5 262.51 m，单偏光。"

图11

普光地区三叠系嘉二段白云岩储层孔隙演化模式"

图12

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段白云岩储层发育模式"

表2

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段有利勘探区划分"

有利
勘探区		 孔隙度/% 沉积相 井区
Ⅰ > 12.00 台内滩亚相 双庙1井
Ⅱ 6.00~12.00 台内滩亚相 分4井、川岳83井、
川岳84井、清溪1井、
清溪2井、毛坝4井
Ⅲ 6.00~12.00 灰坪、云坪微相 明1井、雷西1井
2.00~6.00 台内滩亚相 川付85井

图13

普光地区三叠系嘉陵江组二段有利勘探区平面分布特征"

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