Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 187-200.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220119

• FORUM AND REVIEW • Previous Articles    

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of global giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas fields

XIONG Jiabei1,2, HE Dengfa1,2   

  1. 1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichmant Mechanism, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2021-07-13 Revised:2021-10-18 Online:2022-01-01 Published:2022-01-21

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Abstract: Giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas field is an important type of oil and gas field in the world. It has been proved to be rich in oil and gas resources and production. Ninety-four carbonate stratigraphiclithologic oil and gas fields were theoretically analyzed, including their geographical distribution, strata distribution, trap types, buried depth and reserve scale of reservoirs,and the main controlling factors of their distribution were discussed. Such oil and gas fields are mainly distributed in the North America, Middle East and Central Asia, among which North America has the most abundant oil and gas,and the oil and gas resources of carbonate reservoirs are mainly accumulated in the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Paleogene and Neogene. The traps can be classified as biological reef, grain beach, diagenetic trap, unconformity and weathering crust. The reservoir burial depth of these oil and gas fields is generally less than 5 000 m,and the oil and gas fields with reservoir burial depth of more than 5 000 m account for only 6.4%. The effects of the following five key factors on the formation and distribution of giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas fields were discussed:(1) The stable and confined shallow water environment and mid-low latitude are conducive for the generation and preservation of organic matter.(2) Tectonic movement not only increases the reservoir spaces by producing a large number of faults and fracture zones, but also promotes the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon(usually matching with the hydrocarbon generation stage), and provides a favorable background for paleo-karstification(. 3) Diagenesis such as paleo-karst improves reservoir performance.(4) Evaporite plays an important role in sealing oil and gas.(5) Trap finalization time and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion time of source rocks need to achieve a good matching relationship in time and space.

Key words: carbonate, stratigraphic-lithologic traps, distribution characteristics, paleo-environment, paleo-karstifi cation, controlling factors

CLC Number: 

  • TE121
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