Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 136-145.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260112

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles    

Characterization of fracture-cavity carbonate karst system and main controlling factors for hydrocarbon enrichment： A case study of Ordovician in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area

GUAN Baozhu1(), WANG Aiping2(), YANG Xinying1, PEI Mingli2, WAN Chaofan1, NI Xianglong2, ZHANG Qiang2, YANG Wei2   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield， Korla 841000， Xinjiang， China
    2 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2025-03-26 Revised:2025-07-22 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: WANG Aiping E-mail:guanbz-tlm@petrochina.com.cn;wang_ap@petrochina.com.cn

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Abstract:

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Lungu Oilfield of Tabei area represent a significant target for ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration in China. Based on high-density seismic data, well logging, and dynamic production data, a multi-field coupling reservoir prediction theoretical framework integrating structure, karst, and fluid was established for Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Lungu Oilfield of Tabei area. Through quantitative characterization technology of fracture-cavity systems, the reservoir development patterns and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon enrichment were systematically revealed. The results show that: (1) Ordovician reservoir in Lungu Oilfield exhibits strong heterogeneity, and the reservoir space can be classified into four types: intercrystalline pores mainly develop in grain dolomite, with pore sizes ranging from 5 to 20 μm. Intergranular dissolution pores are mainly formed by selective dissolution of granular limestone, such as oolitic limestone, with pore sizes ranging from 50 to 200 μm, which are the main seepage channels of the reservoir. Microfracture widths are mostly less than 10 μm. Biogenic pores mainly develop in bioclastic limestone, commonly found in biological framework pores, such as crinoid stems, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 500 μm. (2) Epikarst reservoirs are distributed in sheets over paleo-geomorphic highlands, subterranean river karst reservoirs exhibit bead-like distribution along paleo-water systems, and fault-controlled karst reservoirs are bead-string distributed along fault zones. Multi-attribute fusion and 3D geological modeling technologies can achieve holistic 3D spatial characterization of karst reservoirs. (3) The degree of hydrocarbon enrichment is controlled by karst facies-faults-reservoir scale. Class Ⅰ high-enrichment areas are concentrated in NE/NEE-oriented fault zones, with residual hill thickness greater than 90 m, effective porosity greater than 8%, and effective thickness greater than 550 m, forming a hydrocarbon accumulation model characterized by fault and fracture-cavity dual transport and multi-stage composite charging. Differentiated development strategies of “lateral tracking of epikarst reservoirs, 3D evaluation of subterranean river areas, and directional transportation of fault-controlled areas” can increase production capacity by 15%-30%, and add reserves of more than 200×104 t.

Key words: fracture-cavity reservoir, carbonate karst system, epikarst, subterranean river karst, fault-controlled karst, Ordovician, Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.22

Fig. 1

Structural location of Lungu Oilfield （a） and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Ordovician (b), Tabei area"

Fig. 2

Core and microphotograph of Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 3

Seismic profiles （a） and reservoir inversion profile （b） of Ordovician karst vertical zonation in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 4

Comparison of seismic reflection characteristics for epikarst， subterranean river karst， fault-controlled karst of Ordovician in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 5

Distribution pattern of epikarst reservoirs in Ordovician of Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 6

Distribution pattern of subterranean river karst reservoirs in Ordovician of Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 7

Distribution pattern of fault-controlled karst reservoirs in Ordovician of Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 8

3D attribute model of porosity of Ordovician reservoir in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig. 9

Evaluation of reservoir units for epikarst reservoir， subterranean river karst reservoir， fault-controlled karst reservoir of Zhongpingtai area in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Table 1

Statistics of main controlling factors for Ordovician hydrocarbon enrichment in Zhongpingtai area of Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

Fig 10

Hydrocarbon accumulation model of Ordovician structures in Lungu Oilfield, Tabei area"

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