岩性油气藏 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1–18.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220601

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地油气勘探、地质认识新进展及重要启示

李国欣1, 石亚军2, 张永庶1, 陈琰1, 张国卿1, 雷涛1   

  1. 1. 中国石油青海油田分公司, 甘肃 敦煌 736202;
    2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-09 修回日期:2022-05-12 出版日期:2022-11-01 发布日期:2022-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 石亚军(1977-),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事沉积学和油气地质勘探等方面的研究工作。Email:shi_yj@petrochina.com.cn。 E-mail:shi_yj@petrochina.com.cn
  • 作者简介:李国欣(1971-),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发研究与管理工作。地址:(736202)甘肃省敦煌市七里镇青海油田机关1号楼。Email:guoxinli@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“柴达木复杂构造区油气成藏、关键勘探技术与新领域目标优选”（编号： 2016ZX05003-006）与中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项“柴达木盆地建设高原大油气田勘探开发关键技术研究与应用”（编号： 2016E-01）联合资助

New progress and enlightenment of oil and gas exploration and geological understanding in Qaidam Basin

LI Guoxin1, SHI Yajun2, ZHANG Yongshu1, CHEN Yan1, ZHANG Guoqing1, LEI Tao1   

  1. 1. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China;
    2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2022-05-09 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-09

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摘要： 经过几代石油人艰苦卓绝的奋斗，柴达木盆地已建成青藏高原唯一的油气生产基地，成为甘青藏地区经济社会发展的压舱石。通过系统综述近年来柴达木盆地的油气勘探进展和勘探成果，总结了成盆、成烃、成储和成藏规律，指出了未来勘探转型的重要领域和方向。研究结果表明：①自2007年设立科技重大专项以来，尤其“十二五”以来，依托科技创新，支撑昆北断阶、英雄岭构造、阿尔金山前、扎哈泉凹陷等相继发现了亿吨级大油气田，形成了其他盆地鲜见的成烃、成储、成藏等原创性成果。②通过系统梳理和总结“十二五”以来的勘探发现、启示及重要地质认识，提出了未来油气勘探从浅层向深浅结合、从构造向构造-岩性结合、从碎屑岩向多岩性复合、从常规向常规-非常规结合的四大转变，厘定出柴西古近系—新近系页岩油、柴东第四系泥岩生物气、柴北缘深层和柴西古近系多类型岩性等四大勘探领域。③研究成果将推动柴达木盆地油气勘探转型发展和强改造型盆地油气地质理论技术发展，为各类型含油气系统的油气藏勘探持续发现提供重要的支撑。

关键词: 岩性油气藏, 湖相碳酸盐岩, 页岩油, 生物气, 第四系, 古近系, 新近系, 含油气系统, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: After the arduous struggle of several generations， the only oil and gas production base in Tibet Plateau has been built in Qaidam Basin， which has become a ballast for the economic and social development of GansuQinghai-Tibet region. By systematically summarizing the oil and gas exploration progress and exploration results in Qaidam Basin in recent years，the laws of basin formation， hydrocarbon generation， reservoir formation and reservoir accumulation were summarized， and the important fields and directions of exploration transformation in the future were pointed out. The research results show that：（1）Since the establishment of major science and technology projects in 2007，especially since the 12th Five-Year Plan， large oil and gas fields with 100 million ton reserves have been discovered by relying on scientific and technological innovation in Kunbei fault terrace， Yingxiongling structure，Altun Piedmont and Zahaquan Sag， meanwhile，original theories that are rare in other basins about hydrocarbon generation，reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism were formed.（2）By systematically summarizing the exploration discovery and important geological cognition since the 12th Five-Year Plan，four major changes in future oil and gas exploration were proposed：from shallow to deepshallow combination， from structure to structure-lithology combination， from clastic rocks to multi-lithology combination，and from conventional to conventional and unconventional combination. Four major future fields were determined，including Paleogene-Neogene shale oil in western Qaidam Basin，Quaternary mudstone biogas of eastern Qaidam Basin，deep strata in northern margin of Qaidam Basin and Paleogene multi-lithology in western Qaidam Basin.（3）These research results will promote the transformation and deve-lopment of oil and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin and the development of oil and gas geology theory and technology in strongly reformed basins， and provide important support for the continuous exploration discovery of oil and gas reservoirs in various types of petroleum systems.

Key words: lithologic reservoir, lacustrine carbonate rocks, shale oil, biogas, Quaternary, Paleogene, Neogene, petroleum system, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.1
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