岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 125–135.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230212

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

含油气盆地超高油气柱形成的有利地质条件

韩云浩1, 姜振学1, 张志遥2, 朱光有2   

  1. 1. 中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院, 北京 102249;
    2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-02 修回日期:2022-09-22 出版日期:2023-03-01 发布日期:2023-03-07
  • 第一作者:韩云浩(1998-),男,中国石油大学(北京)在读硕士研究生,研究方向为非常规油气地质评价。地址:(102249)北京市昌平区中国石油大学(北京)。Email:HanYunHaoJY@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 朱光有(1973-),男,博士,教授级高工,主要从事油气地质与地球化学方面的研究工作。Email:zhuguangyou@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“陆相页岩储层岩石组构和孔隙结构特征及其对含气性的控制机理”（编号：41872135）资助。

Favorable geological conditions for the formation of ultra-high petroleum columns in petroliferous basins

HAN Yunhao1, JIANG Zhenxue1, ZHANG Zhiyao2, ZHU Guangyou2   

  1. 1. Unconventional Natural Gas Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
    2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2022-09-02 Revised:2022-09-22 Online:2023-03-01 Published:2023-03-07

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摘要： 油气柱的高度是决定油气富集程度的重要指标之一。通过梳理全球各大含油气盆地油气成藏方面的相关资料，对发育有超高油气柱的含油气盆地进行了系统分析，结合其油气供给能力、储盖组合特征以及油气运移方式等，综合分析了含油气盆地内超高油气柱形成的有利地质条件。研究结果表明：①全球发育的具有超高油气柱的油气田以碳酸盐岩层系居多，约占78%，这是由于碳酸盐岩层系相对更易于发育巨厚叠置型的有利储集体，有利于形成超高油气柱。国外典型地区包括波斯湾、滨里海及西西伯利亚盆地等，我国主要分布在四川、渤海湾及塔里木等盆地。②超高油气柱形成的有利条件包括充足的油气供给、纵向叠置发育的巨厚储层、广覆式发育的盖层、纵向网式输导体系、有利的运移条件以及良好的源储匹配关系等6个方面。③塔里木盆地深层也发现了许多超高油气柱，以富满油田为例，下寒武统烃源岩充足的油气供给、中上奥陶统巨厚的礁灰岩储层和致密的泥岩盖层，以及深大断裂等有利的运移条件，是该地区能够形成超高油气柱的主要原因。

关键词: 充足油源, 巨厚储层, 优质盖层, 网式输导体系, 油气运移, 源储配置, 超高油气柱, 富满油田, 超深层, 含油气盆地

Abstract: Petroleum column height is one of the important indicators to determine the degree of hydrocarbon enrichment. Based on the data of hydrocarbon accumulation in major petroliferous basins worldwide, a systematic analysis of petroliferous basins with ultra-high petroleum columns was conducted. The favorable geological conditions for the formation of ultra-high petroleum columns in petroliferous basins were analyzed in combination with hydrocarbon supply capacity, reservoir-cap assemblages and hydrocarbon migration patterns. The results show that:(1) Most of the typical oil and gas fields in the world with ultra-high petroleum columns are dominated by carbonate formations, accounting for 78% of the total. This is because carbonate formations are relatively easy to develop large-thickness stacked reservoirs, which are conducive to the formation of ultra-high petroleum columns.Typical oil and gas fields with ultra-high petroleum columns abroad are mainly distributed in Persian Gulf Basin, Pre-Caspian Basin and Western Siberian Basin, while mainly distributed in Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and Tarim Basin in China.(2) The favorable conditions for the formation of ultra-high petroleum columns include sufficient hydrocarbon supply, vertically stacked large-thickness reservoirs, extensive overlying caprocks, vertical network transport system, favorable migration conditions and good source-reservoir configuration.(3) Many ultrahigh petroleum columns have been found in the deep strata of Tarim Basin. Taking the Fuman oilfield as an example, the sufficient hydrocarbon supply from the Lower Cambrian source rocks, the thick reef tuff reservoirs and tight mudstone caprock of Middle and Upper Ordovician, and the favorable migration conditions such as deep and large faults, are the main reasons for the formation of ultra-high petroleum columns in this area.

Key words: sufficient hydrocarbon supply, large-thickness reservoir, high-quality caprock, network transport system, hydrocarbon migration, source-reservoir configuration, ultra-high petroleum columns, Fuman oilfield, ultra-deep strata, petroliferous basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1
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