岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 180–190.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260416

• 石油工程与油气田开发 • 上一篇    下一篇

海上非连续化学驱注采能力变化规律实验表征

未志杰1,2(), 刘奔1,2(), 张健1,2, 周文胜1,2, 雍唯1,2, 刘玉洋1,2   

  1. 1 海洋油气高效开发全国重点实验室北京 102209
    2 中海油研究总院有限责任公司北京 102209
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:未志杰(1984—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事化学驱提高采收率方面的研究工作。地址:(102209)北京市昌平区未来科学城中海油科技园区。Email:weizhj5@cnooc.com.cn
  • 通信作者: 刘奔
  • 基金资助:
    中海油研究总院有限责任公司重点科技项目“千万网格级大规模高效并行求解技术及求解器研发”(KJ202500219);中国海洋石油集团公司“海洋油气高效开发全国重点实验室主任基金(2025)”(KJQZ-2025-2005);中国海洋石油有限公司“十四五”重大科技项目海上油田大幅度提高采收率关键技术(KJGG2021-0500)

Experimental characterization of dynamic injection-production capacity behavior in offshore discontinuous chemical flooding

WEI Zhijie1,2(), LIU Ben1,2(), ZHANG Jian1,2, ZHOU Wensheng1,2, YONG Wei1,2, LIU Yuyang1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Efficient Development of Offshore Oil and Gas, Beijing 102209, China
    2 CNOOC Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-11-10 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: LIU Ben E-mail:weizhj5@cnooc.com.cn;liuben6@cnooc.com.cn

摘要:

针对海上高含水油田常规聚合物驱面临的注采能力下降和波及效率受限等问题,开展了非连续化学驱注采能力变化规律的实验研究。通过岩心驱替实验、二维平板物理模拟和数值模拟等方法,揭示了非连续注入方式的动态响应特征及作用机制。研究结果表明:①对海上高含水油田采用非连续化学驱技术,通过“高浓度封堵-低浓度驱替”的段塞协同作业,实现了储层内部驱替压力的分布优化,低渗透层采出程度提升了8.4%,高渗透层采收率提高了7.4%。②非连续注入方式显著提升了注采能力,高浓度段塞注入阶段的吸水指数下降了4.18%,低浓度段塞注入阶段的吸水指数上升了14.41%,整体上升了5.12%。③浓度梯度调控有效改善了波及效率,低渗透层吸液量增加了3.6%,增强了不同渗透层段的同步运移程度。④数值模拟结果验证了非连续注入方式的有效性,实验中重构储层压力场与流场的分布,通过非连续化学驱技术的应用,有效抑制了原油黏度衰减和“油墙”形成,其“封堵-导流”协同机制可实现海上高含水油田均衡驱替和高效开发。

关键词: 海上油田, 非连续注入, 聚合物驱, 注采能力, 段塞组合, 压力场重构, 数值模拟, 高含水油田

Abstract:

In response to challenges such as declining injection-production capacity and limited sweep efficiency in conventional polymer flooding of offshore high water-cut oilfields, the experimental study on variation patterns of injection-production capacity in discontinuous chemical flooding was conducted. Through core flooding experiments, two-dimension physical plate model simulations, and numerical simulation, dynamic response characteristics and mechanisms of discontinuous injection methods were revealed. The results show that: (1) Using discontinuous chemical flooding technology in high water-cut offshore oilfields, through the synergistic slug action of “high-concentration plugging and low-concentration displacement”, the distribution of displacement pressure within the reservoir was optimized. The recovery degree of low-permeability layers increased by 8.4% and the recovery factor of high-permeability layers increased by 7.4%. (2) The discontinuous injection method significantly improved the injection-production capacity, with water absorption index decreasing by 4.18% du-ring the high-concentration slug injection stage and water absorption index increasing by 14.41% during the low-concentration slug injection stage, resulting in an overall increase of 5.12%. (3) The concentration gradient control effectively improves sweep efficiency, increasing the liquid intake volume of low-permeability layers by 3.6%, and enhancing the synchronous fluid movement across layers with different permeabilities. (4) Numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of the discontinuous injection method. In the experiment, the distribution of reservoir pressure field and flow field was reconstructed. The crude oil viscosity degradation and the formation of “oil bank”were effectively suppressed by appyling the discontinuous chemical flooding technology. The “plugging-diversion” synergistic mechanism can achieve balanced displacement and efficient development in high water-cut offshore oilfields.

Key words: offshore oilfield, discontinuous injection, polymer flooding, injection-production capacity, slug combination, pressure field reconstruction, numerical simulation, high water-cut oilfield

中图分类号: 

  • TE312

图1

一维岩心驱替实验中聚合物溶液黏度-浓度相关性变化曲线(a)和静态吸附曲线(b)"

表1

一维岩心驱替实验中实验用水无机盐组成"

无机盐类型 浓度/(mg·L-1
KCl 104.07
Na2SO4 126.16
NaCl 7 295.39
CaCl2 766.37
MgCl2·6H2O 1 342.17
NaHCO3 428.92
Na2CO3 25.10

图2

一维岩心双管驱替实验装置及流程"

图3

二维平板模型驱替实验实物图"

表2

一维岩心双管驱替实验参数统计"

注入方式 流速/(mL·min-1 转注时机 段塞组合方式 后续水驱
注入量(PV)
实验温度下
原油黏度/(mPa·s)
渗透率/mD
连续注入 1.5 含水68% 0.6 PV聚合物(1 750 mg/L) 0.6 68.5 1.05 + 3. 05
非连续
注入
1.5 含水68% 0.3 PV高浓度聚合物(1 950 mg/L) + 0.3 PV低浓度聚合物(1 550 mg/L) 0.6 68.5 1.05 + 3.10

表3

二维平板模型的实验方案"

注入方式 模型 ρ(聚合物)/
(mg·L-1
矿化度/
(mg·L-1
渗透率/mD 段塞组合方式 注入速度/
(mL·min-1
连续注入 非均质 1 750 6 071 1.0+2.0 水驱至含水68% + 0.6 PV
聚合物 + 0.6 PV水
5
非连续注入 非均质 1 950、
1 550
6 071 1.0+2.0 水驱至含水68% + 0.3 PV高浓度聚合物 + 0.3 PV低浓度聚合物 + 0.6 PV水 5

图4

二维非均质平板模型驱替实验中渗透率分布(直井)"

图5

一维岩心驱替实验分别采用非连续注入与连续注入方式的驱替效果对比"

表4

一维岩心驱替实验中不同注入方式参数统计"

注入方式 级差 渗透率/mD ρ(聚合物)/
(mg·L-1
矿化度/(mg·L-1 孔隙度/% 段塞组合方式
连续注入 2 1.530/3.252 1 750 6 071 33.3/43.5 水驱至含水68% + (0.6 PV聚合物) + 0.6 PV水
非连续注入 2 1.530/3.252 1 950、1 550 6 071 33.3/43.5 水驱至含水68%+ (0.3 PV高浓度聚合物 + 0.3 PV低浓度聚合物) + 0.6 PV水

图6

一维岩心驱替实验中采用不同注入方式下高、低渗透层分流率(a)及采出程度(b)随注入量的变化"

图7

二维平板模型驱替实验中采用不同注入方式对注采能力的影响"

图8

二维平板模型驱替实验中化学驱连续注入方式驱替过程中驱替流体波及范围"

图9

二维平板模型驱替实验中化学驱非连续注入方式驱替过程中驱替流体波及范围"

表5

实际直井开发油藏一注一采行列式概念模型数值模拟主要参数取值统计"

参数 数值 参数 数值
渗透率/mD 2.29 ρ(高低浓度
聚合物)/(mg·L-1
(高浓度聚合
物)1 950、
(低浓度聚合
物)1 550
孔隙度/% 32 聚合物黏度/(mPa·s) 8.2
网格数 11×11×14 残余阻力系数 1.6
网格尺寸/m3 7.5×7.5×1.4 注入速度/(PV·a-1 0.055
初始温度/℃ 64 转注时含水/% 68
初始压力/MPa 14 聚合物段塞/PV 0.6

图10

实际直井开发油藏一注一采行列式概念模型数值模拟无因次吸水指数曲线与矿场某典型井组实际动态物理模拟曲线对比"

图11

实际直井开发油藏一注一采行列式概念模型数值模拟不同注入方式对注采指数的影响"

图12

实际直井开发油藏一注一采行列式概念模型数值模拟不同注入方式对开发效果的影响"

图13

实际直井开发油藏一注一采行列式概念模型数值模拟不同注入方式下水相黏度的物理场变化规律"

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