岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 190–200.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260317

• 石油工程与油气田开发 • 上一篇    

页岩油藏水平井四维地应力演化及重复压裂时机优化方法——以鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田三叠系长7段为例

任佳伟1,2(), 李莉3, 王德玉1, 白晓虎1, 康博1, 白宇恩1, 白建文1, 陈军斌2   

  1. 1 中国石油长庆油田分公司 油气工艺研究院， 西安 710065
    2 西安石油大学 石油工程学院， 西安 710065
    3 中国石油长庆油田分公司 第五采油厂， 西安 710018
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25 修回日期:2025-10-13 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 第一作者:任佳伟（1996—），男，西安石油大学在读博士研究生，工程师，主要从事老油田重复改造基础理论研究及应用等工作。地址：（710065）陕西省西安市未央区明光路长庆油田油气工艺研究院。Email:rjw_cq@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项“鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系陆相页岩油勘探开发技术与集成示范”课题5“长7夹层型页岩油提高采收率技术研究与应用”(2025ZD1404805);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“水平井井筒重构重复压裂技术与试验”(2023ZZ28YJ07)

Four-dimensional in-situ stress evolution and optimization method for refracturing timing in shale oil reservoir horizontal wells： A case study of Triassic Chang 7 member in Qingcheng Oilfield, Ordos Basin

REN Jiawei1,2(), LI Li3, WANG Deyu1, BAI Xiaohu1, KANG Bo1, BAI Yuen1, BAI Jianwen1, CHEN Junbin2   

  1. 1 Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710065, China
    2 College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
    3 No. 5 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an 710018, China
  • Received:2025-09-25 Revised:2025-10-13 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-03-18

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摘要：

基于地质工程一体化理念，建立了适用于鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田页岩油藏老井全开发周期的缝网-渗流-应力的多物理场耦合模型，开展了页岩油水平井重复压裂多场耦合数值模拟研究，提出了应力恢复指数及重复压裂时机优化方法。研究结果表明：①通过建立渗流模型与应力模型及其数据接口程序，同时采用交叉耦合迭代算法，求解缝网-渗流-应力多物理场耦合模型，历史拟合符合率达93%，验证了模型的准确性，能有效应用于鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田的页岩油藏的开发生产。②庆城油田的目标井生产6年后，裂缝附近压力下降了1 MPa，最大、最小水平主应力分别降低了2.6 MPa和4.2 MPa，最大主应力方向偏转达84°；实施压前补能10 000 m3后，最大主应力偏转角由84°减小至20°，重复压裂的裂缝长度和体积显著增大，进一步证明了实施压前补能的重要性。③应力恢复指数可用于表征庆城油田开发过程中应力场的恢复程度，应力恢复指数为0.70可作为重复压裂实施的最佳时机。重复压裂时机的影响因素包括天然裂缝密度、基质渗透率和初次压裂规模。

关键词: 页岩油藏, 重复压裂, 四维地应力, 渗流-应力耦合, 时机优化, 长7段, 三叠系, 庆城油田, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Based on the concept of geology-engineering integration, a multi-physics field coupled model of fracture network-seepage-stress applicable to the entire development cycle of shale oil old wells in Qingcheng Oilfield of Ordos Basin was established. Multi-field coupled numerical simulations of refracturing in shale oil horizontal wells were conducted, and a stress recovery index along with an optimization method for refracturing timing was proposed. The results show that: （1） By establishing a seepage model, stress model, and their data interface program, the multi-physics field coupled model of fracture network-seepage-stress was solved by using cross coupling iterative algorithm, with history-matching accuracy of 93%, verifying the accuracy of the model and effectively applying it to the development and production of shale oil reservoirs in Qingcheng Oilfield, Ordos Basin. （2） After six years of production in the target well of Qingcheng Oilfield, the reservoir pressure near hydraulic fractures decreased by 1 MPa, while the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stresses declined by 2.6 MPa and 4.2 MPa, respectively, and the maximum principal stress direction rotated by 84°. Following pre-fracturing energy supplement of 10 000 m³, the maximum principal stress deflection angle decreased from 84° to 20°, resulting in a significant increase in the length and volume of refracturing-induced fractures, and that further proves the importance of implementing pre-fracturing energy supplement. （3） The stress recovery index can be proposed to cha-racterize the degree of in-situ stress recovery during development process of Qingcheng Oilfield, and a stress recovery index of 0.70 was identified as the optimal time for refracturing implementation. The influencing factors of refracturing timing include natural fracture density, matrix permeability, and initial hydraulic fracturing scale.

Key words: shale reservoir, refracturing, four-dimensional geostress, seepage-stress coupling, timing optimization, Chang 7 member, Triassic, Qingcheng Oilfield, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE357.1

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田重复压裂试验区位置(a)及三叠系长7段地层岩性综合柱状图(b)"

图2

三维真实物理域的复杂裂缝形态(a)和计算域中对应的基质和裂缝网格(b) 注：M. 为储层基质网格；F1为水力压裂形成的主裂缝；F2.为天然裂缝 ；Null.为非参与网格。"

图3

渗流-应力实时耦合模拟计算流程 注：t为当前计算时间，d； Δt为时间步长，d；tmax为耦合计算的最大模拟时间，d；σ1为地质力学有限元模型的求解结果。"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田三叠系长7段三维地质模型基本参数"

属性 数值 属性 数值
有效厚度/m 18 含油饱和度 0.542
油藏埋深/m 1 520 原油黏度/（mPa·s） 7.3
平均孔隙度 0.09 原始地层压力/MPa 15.8
平均渗透率/mD 0.82 原油饱和压力/MPa 5.6
杨氏模量/GPa 21.37 泊松比 0.23
水平最大主应力/MPa 26.0 水平最小主应力/MPa 22.0

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型及历史拟合结果"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟沿井筒方向地层压力分布剖面"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟开采过程中水平主应力变化规律"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟开采过程中地应力偏转角变化规律 注：图中的箭头方向均为应力方向。"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟长期注采条件下重复压裂扩展规律"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟注液补能后地应力变化规律 注：图中的箭头方向均为应力方向。"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟不同注液量条件下应力大小及方向变化规律 注：图中的箭头方向均为应力方向。"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟压前不同补能液量条件下裂缝扩展规律"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟应力恢复指数及重复压裂改造体积随地层压力保持水平的变化关系"

图13

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟不同天然裂缝密度条件下的应力恢复指数随地层压力保持水平的变化规律"

图14

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟不同基质渗透率条件下应力恢复指数随地层压力保持水平的变化规律"

图15

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城油田目标井三叠系长7段缝网-渗流-应力模型模拟不同裂缝间距条件下应力恢复指数随地层压力保持水平的变化规律"

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