岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 94–103.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260509

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层特征及主控因素

张卫刚1(), 刘广林2(), 王勇1, 宁凡1, 马绍辉2, 闫百泉2   

  1. 1 中国石油长庆油田公司 第八采油厂， 西安 710021
    2 东北石油大学 三亚海洋油气研究院， 海南 三亚 572025
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-22 修回日期:2026-05-06 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:张卫刚（1975—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事油田开发及生产管理方面的研究工作。地址：（710021）陕西省西安市未央湖花园第八采油厂地质研究所。Email：2957617668@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 刘广林

Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of interlayered shale oil in Triassic Chang 7 member of Tiebiancheng area， Ordos Basin

ZHANG Weigang1(), LIU Guanglin2(), WANG Yong1, NING Fan1, MA Shaohui2, YAN Baiquan2   

  1. 1 No. 8 Oil Production Plant， Changqing Oilfield Company， PetroChina， Xi’an 710021， China
    2 NEPU Sanya Offshore Oil & Gas Research Institute， Hainan 572025， Sanya， China
  • Received:2026-03-22 Revised:2026-05-06 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: LIU Guanglin E-mail:2957617668@qq.com;89409960@qq.com

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摘要：

以鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区三叠系长7段夹层型页岩油储层为研究对象，利用岩心、薄片和电镜分析、物性测试、CT扫描、压汞测试等方法，对储层沉积特征、岩石学特征、孔隙特征进行了分析；通过探讨不同沉积背景下成岩作用对储层致密化的差异控制效应、物性对含油性的影响，明确了储层“甜点”主控因素。研究结果表明：①铁边城地区长7段储层以发育三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、分流间湾等微相为主；岩性主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩，矿物组分以长石和石英为主，占总矿物组分的64.99%，填隙物含量高，以碳酸盐胶结物和黏土矿物为主，杂基和胶结物总体积分数为16.15%。②研究区储层孔隙总面孔率为2.55%，整体发育程度偏低，以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主，二者面孔率分别为1.11%和1.10%；孔隙半径主要为3~18 μm，喉道半径主要为0.3~15.0 μm，以细喉道为主，孔隙连通体积分数为 81.88%；平均孔隙度为7.5%，平均渗透率为0.15 mD，为致密储层。③研究区长7储层致密程度受沉积和成岩作用的双重控制，沉积环境控制储层原始矿物组成、颗粒结构及初始物性；成岩作用控制储层致密化程度及储集性能；含油性受物性控制，水下分流河道与河口坝叠合发育的厚层砂体中部为有利“甜点”段。

关键词: 夹层型页岩油, 储层特征, 成岩作用, “甜点”, 长7段, 延长组, 铁边城地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Taking interlayered shale oil reservoirs of Triassic Chang 7 member in Tiebiancheng area of Ordos Basin as the research object， reservoir sedimentary characteristics， petrology features and pore characteristics were analyzed based on core observation， thin section and scanning electron microscope analysis， physical property testing， CT scanning， mercury injection capillary pressure measurement. By discussing the differential control effects of diagenesis on reservoir densification under different sedimentary settings and the influence of physical properties on oil-bearing capacity， the main controlling factors of reservoir “sweet spots”were clarified. The results show that：（1） Chang 7 member reservoirs in Tiebiancheng area are mainly developed sedimentary microfacies such as delta front subaqueous distributary channel， mouth bar and interdistributary bay. Reservoir lothologies are mainly feldspathic sandstone and lithic feldspathic sandstone, with feldspar and quartz as the dominant mineral components， accounting for 64.99% of the total mineral composition. The content of interstitial materials is high， dominated by carbonate cements and clay minerals， and the total volume fraction of matrix and cements is 16.15%. （2） The total areal porosity of reservoir in the study area is 2.55%， indicating an overall low development degree. Intergranular pores and feldspar dissolved pores serve as the dominant pore types， with areal porosities of 1.11% and 1.10%， respectively. The pore radii mainly range from 3 μm to 18 μm， and throat radii are mostly 0.3-15.0 μm， dominated by fine throats， and connected pores volume fraction is 81.88%. Reservoirs have an average porosity of 7.5% and an average permeability of 0.15 mD， belonging to tight reservoirs. （3） The densification degree of Chang 7 reservoirs in the study area is jointly controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. Sedimentary environments govern the primary mineral composition， grain texture and initial physical properties of reservoirs， while diagenesis determines reservoir densification degree and reservoir capacity. Oil-bearing capacity is controlled by physical properties. The central parts of thick sandbodies formed by superimposed subaqueous distributary channels and mouth bars are favorable “sweet spot” intervals.

Key words: interlayered shale oil, reservoir characteristics, diagenesis, sweet spot, Chang 7 member, Yanchang Formation, Tiebiancheng area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.23

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区构造位置（a）及中三叠统延长组岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[34]修改）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段夹层型页岩油储层典型沉积构造 （a） 块状构造，Y191井，2 244.8 m；（b） 交错层理，Y264井，2 178.8 m；（c） 交错层理，W554井，2 185.2 m；（d） 水平层理和小型交错层理，Y264井，2 195.2 m；（e） 平行层理，Y264井，2 191.0 m；（f） 波状层理，W554井，2 167.9 m。"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段岩石矿物成分三元图 注：Ⅰ. 石英砂岩；Ⅱ. 长石石英砂岩；Ⅲ. 岩屑石英砂岩；Ⅳ. 长石砂岩；Ⅴ. 岩屑长石砂岩；Ⅵ. 长石岩屑砂岩；Ⅶ. 岩屑砂岩。"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段填隙物含量柱状图"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段储层微观特征 （a） 细—中粒岩屑长石砂岩，铁方解石胶结，Y194井，长72， 2 209.10 m，单偏光，铸体薄片；（b） 细粒岩屑长石砂岩，绿泥石膜，Y264井，长72，2 172.50 m，单偏光，铸体薄片；（c） 含泥细粒长石砂岩，粒表绿泥石膜，Y264井，长72，2 172.00 m，扫描电镜；（d） 细粒岩屑长石砂岩，高岭石晶间孔，W529井，长72，2 172.30 m，扫描电镜；（e） 细—中粒长石砂岩粒间孔、溶孔，Y355井，长72，2 166.33 m，单偏光，铸体薄片；（f） 细—中粒岩屑长石砂岩，长石溶孔，Y194井，长72，2 203.13 m，单偏光，铸体薄片。"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段不同孔隙类型直方图"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段3类储层压汞曲线特征 注：孔隙连通性模型内，颜色相同代表连通孔隙，不同颜色代表孔隙不连通；孔喉球棍模型内，圆球代表孔隙，细棍代表喉道。"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段储层孔隙连通模型（a）与孔喉球棍模型（b） 注：孔隙连通性模型内，颜色相同代表连通孔隙，不同颜色代表孔隙不连通；孔喉球棍模型内，圆球代表孔隙，细棍代表喉道。"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段孔喉半径分布直方图"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长72亚段孔隙度（a）和渗透率（b）等值线图"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中Y264井三叠统长72亚段不同成因砂体特征"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地铁边城地区中三叠统长7段含油饱和度与孔隙度（a）、渗透率（b）散点回归图"

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