岩性油气藏 ›› 2015, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 1–10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2015.03.001

• 论坛与综述 •    下一篇

美国页岩油研究对我国的启示

张廷山1,2,彭 志1,2,杨 巍1,2,马燕妮1,2,张 洁3   

  1.  1. 西南石油大学 油气藏地质与开发工程国家重点实验室,成都 610500 ; 2. 西南石油大学 地球科学与技术学院,成都 610500 ; 3. 中国石油塔里木油田分公司 开发事业部,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 出版日期:2015-05-26 发布日期:2015-05-26
  • 第一作者:张廷山( 1961- ),男,博士,教授,主要从事沉积学、古生态学及非常规油气理论研究。 地址:( 610500 )四川省成都市新都区新都大道 8号西南石油大学。 E-mail : zts_3@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    博士点基金优先发展领域“页岩微观储集空间发育特征及其对页岩气赋存富集的影响机理”(编号: 20125121130001 )资助

Enlightenments of American shale oil research towards China

ZHANG Tingshan 1,2, PENG Zhi 1,2, YANG Wei 1,2, MA Yanni 1,2, ZHANG Jie3   

  1.  1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500 , China ;2. School of Geoscience and Technology , Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500 , China ;3. Department of Development , PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company , Korla 841000 , Xinjiang , China
  • Online:2015-05-26 Published:2015-05-26

摘要:

页岩油是指以游离态、吸附态及少量溶解态赋存于泥页岩层系中的原油,目前已在美国实现商业开采,而我国页岩油研究起步晚,相关基础理论研究还比较薄弱。 在页岩油一般特征分析的基础上,结合近年来美国海相页岩油勘探开发实践,总结了国内外在页岩油形成条件、储层特征、成藏机理及评价方法等方面取得的进展和重要认识。 对中国和美国页岩油发育特征的系统对比与分析结果表明:我国湖相暗色泥页岩分布广、厚度大、结构复杂,与砂质互层频繁;富有机质泥页岩发育较好,TOC 质量分数一般大于 2%,但成熟度普遍偏低(Ro 为 0.5%~1.2%);细粒碳酸盐和黏土矿物含量较高(质量分数大于 50%),储集物性较差;页岩油成藏主要受生烃条件(特别是成熟度)和储集条件控制,而在断陷等构造强烈地区还受保存条件的影响;混合岩性型和裂缝型页岩油总体显示好,勘探潜力较大,基质型次之。 建议在理论研究基础上,重点在页岩油赋存机理、微观孔隙结构、页岩油滞留成藏机理、构造保存条件、勘探评价体系和资源评价方法等方面展开研究,以期为我国页岩油勘探开发提供指导。

关键词: 页岩油, 储层特征, 成藏条件, 主控因素

Abstract:

Shale oil is liquid hydrocarbon reserved in effective argillaceous source rocks with free phase, adsorbed and dissolved phase. Recent years, America has achieved great success in commercial shale oil production, whereas shale oil research in China is still in its infancy with more related theory innovations. Based on shale oil characteristics and experience of American shale oil exploration and development, this paper analyzed and summarized the research progress and some significant cognition in shale oil forming conditions, reservoir features, accumulation mechanism and evaluation method at home and abroad. The systematical comparison of shale oil characteristics between China and America shows that Chinese shale oil mainly deposited in semi-deep and deep lacustrine, and black shale spreads widely, featured by great thickness, complex structures with frequent sandy interbedding. Preferable shale rich in organic matter usually coexists with other lithologies in laminated texture, and the kerogen type of organic matter is predominantly sapropelic with Ro of 0.5%~1.2% and TOC more than 2.0%. Relative high content of fine-grained carbonate and clay exceeding 50% results in a poor reserving capacity. Hydrocarbon-generation condition and reserving capacity significantly control lacustrine shale oil accumulation, simultaneously with additional preserving conditions taken into account in strong tectonic activity areas, such as in the rifted basins. Mixed-type and fractured-type shale oil overall have a huge exploration potential, and the matrix-type follows. In order to promote shale oil research and realize shale oil production earlier in China, the fundamental researches should be on the basis of theories study, and prominently focus on hydrocarbon occurrence, micro pore structure, retained oil accumulation mechanism, structurepreserving condition, evaluation system and resource evaluation method. The purpose of these studies is to provide theoretical guidance for the high efficient exploitation of shale oil in China.

Key words: shale oil, reservoir characteristics, accumulation conditions, main controlling factors

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