Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 115-124.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260511

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Application of full-azimuth migration imaging method for weak anomaly extracting and identifying in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs

MU Jie(), SHI Feizhou, GAO Yuhang, CHEN Shenghong, ZHU Bohua   

  1. Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103， China
  • Received:2026-04-08 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04

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Abstract:

To improve the identification accuracy of small- and medium-scale fractured-vuggy bodies in carbonate reservoirs, a method for weak anomaly extracting and identifying in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs based on full-azimuth migration imaging was proposed. Two sets of velocity models were constructed, and the method was validated using model forward simulation data. It was then applied to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin. The results show that: （1） The proposed method obtained full-azimuth common dip gathers through full-azimuth angle domain migration. Based on differences of response characteristic of various geological bodies in full-azimuth common dip gathers, the dip filtering was applied to perform weighted scattering stacking on the gathers. Combined with logging data constrained parameters, the scattering signal extraction effect was balanced. （2） Different geological bodies exhibit distinct response characteristics in full-azimuth common dip gathers. Imaging points of continuous subsurface interfaces show a funnel-shaped structure, with energy gradually weakening toward both flanks from the imaging point. Response characteristics of independent subsurface scatterers and cross-section scattering points are approximately straight lines and horizontal yet discontinuous lines, respectively, with no significant differences in scattering energy among them. （3） Model forward verification demonstrates that the weighted scattering energy extraction method based on full-azimuth common dip gathers can effectively identify the “string of beads” response characteristics of fractured-vuggy bo-dies and breakpoint boundaries, amplify the real scattering energy of fractured-vuggy, and extract weak “string of beads”responses from high-energy events. The actual application in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs of Shunbei area shows that the scale and amplitude strength of fractured-vuggy bodies displayed by the scattering imaging match actual drilling production data better than conventional methods, and variation trends of main and secondary faults reflected by its amplitude change rate attribute and coherence attribute are more consistent with the actual geological conditions.

Key words: full-azimuth migration imaging, dip gather, fractured-vuggy body identification, scattering wave separation, dip filtering, logging data constraint, carbonate reservoirs, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE344

Fig. 1

4D local angle domain spatial schematic of a ray pair and a subsurface imaging point"

Fig. 2

Surface data points and subsurface imaging points demonstrated by full-azimuth subsurface local angle domain imaging technology"

Fig. 3

Migration result of continuous subsurface interfaces (a) and its response characteristics in full-azimuth common dip gather (b)"

Fig. 4

Scattered wavefield of subsurface independent scattering point (a) and its response characteristics in full-azimuth common dip gather (b)"

Fig. 5

Scattered wavefield of subsurface cross-section scattering point (a) and its response characteristics in full-azimuth common dip gather (b)"

Table 1

Parameters of scattering wave separation of stratigraphic dip filtering"

重要参数 参数作用 参数选择
滤波类型 突出水平层状镜像特征或
异常散射特征		 镜像滤波
算子
滤波算子
斜率		 正数表示增强小倾角信号特征；
负数表示增强大倾角信号特征		 -8
滤波算子输入
能量区间		 确定输入信号进行散射的能量
加权范围		 0~0.6
门槛值 通过包络属性优化提取的散射信息；通过门槛值确定提取的散射信号 20
平滑参数 对提取的散射信号进行平滑 7

Fig. 6

Velocity model of horizontal layered formation with developed fault and fracture-vugs"

Fig. 7

Full angle stacked profile (a) and scattering stacked profile (b) of forward model of horizontally layered formation with developed fault and fracture-vugs"

Fig. 8

Velocity model of horizontal layered formation with developed fracture-vugs"

Fig. 9

Full angle stacked profile (a) and scattering stacked profile (b) corresponding to the velocity model of horizontally layered formation with developed fracture-vugs"

Fig. 10

Typical imaging section and its corresponding overlay map of dip gathers and weighted coefficient distribution of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area"

Fig. 11

Typical full angle stacked profile 1 (a) and its corresponding scattering stacked profile (b) of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area"

Fig. 12

Typical full angle stacked profile 2 (a) and its corresponding scattering stacked profile (b) of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area"

Fig. 13

Overlay schematic of coherent attribute and amplitude change rate of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area"

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