东非海岸Davie构造带的构造演化特征及其成因机制

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20210211

岩性油气藏 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 104–115.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210211

东非海岸Davie构造带的构造演化特征及其成因机制

覃阳亮^1,2, 何幼斌^1,2, 蔡俊^1,2, 李华^1,2, 张灿³, 刘建宁^1,2

1. 长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100;
2. 长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430100;
3. 河北枣强中学, 河北衡水 053100

收稿日期:2020-07-01 修回日期:2020-09-18 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-03-31
第一作者:覃阳亮(1996—),男,长江大学在读硕士研究生,研究方向为地质工程。地址:(430100)湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号。Email:15280395193@163.com
通信作者: 何幼斌(1964—),男,博士,教授,主要从事沉积学和储层地质研究工作。Email:heyb122@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“重力驱动深水褶皱冲断带分带差异变形机理研究”（编号：42002150）和国家科技重大专项“非洲重点区油气勘探潜力综合评价”子课题“东非海岸重点盆地勘探潜力综合评价”（编号：2017ZX05032-002-003）联合资助

Tectonic evolution and formation mechanism of Davie Fracture Zone in East Africa coast

QIN Yangliang^1,2, HE Youbin^1,2, CAI Jun^1,2, LI Hua^1,2, ZHANG Can³, LIU Jianning^1,2

1. College of Geoscience, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
3. Hebei Zaoqiang Middle School, Hengshui 053100, Hebei, China

Received:2020-07-01 Revised:2020-09-18 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以东非海岸Davie构造带为研究对象，通过东非海岸地形、自由空气重力及磁异常等资料的综合分析，确定了Davie构造带的南北展布范围；通过对地震资料的精细解释，明确了Davie构造带不同部位的构造特征；利用层拉平、生长指数及平衡剖面等方法，结合区域动力学分析，对Davie构造带不同时期的构造特征进行了详细的解剖。结果表明：①在平面上，Davie构造带南北展布范围为4°S~22°S；剖面上，构造特征具有南北分段的特点，南段可见构造脊，伴随典型的底劈构造，北段可见正反转构造。②受东非海岸地区板块差异活动的影响，Davie构造带在不同时期具有不同特点，在晚石炭世—早侏罗世，主要受拉张应力影响，在层拉平后的地震剖面中可见典型的地堑结构；在中侏罗世—早白垩世，受马达加斯加向南漂移影响转变为走滑性质；晚白垩世以来，进入被动大陆边缘阶段，Davie东断层基本停止活动，而Davie西断层仍持续活动。③ Davie构造带发育演化具有继承性，其南北构造差异是由于热传导与板块应力转变共同作用产生的结果，由此建立了“南段构造脊持续活动、北段扩张后局部挤压”的构造变形模式。该研究成果为Davie构造带油气地质研究奠定了理论基础。

关键词: 分段差异变形, 构造演化, 成因机制, Davie构造带, 东非海岸

Abstract: The north-south-trend length of Davie Fracture Zone along the East African coast was comprehensive analyzed based on East African coast topography,free air gravity anomalies and magnetic anomalies. The structural characteristics of different parts of Davie Fracture Zone were clarified through fine interpretation of seismic data. The structural characteristics of the Davie Fracture Zone in different periods were analyzed by means of layer flattening,growth index and balanced profile,combined with regional dynamic analysis. The results show that the horizontal distribution of Davie Fracture Zone is between 4°S and 22°S from north to south. The vertical struture has different characteristics of north-south segmentation,and structural ridges can be seen in the southern section,accompanied by typical undercut structures,and in the northern section,positive inverted structures can be seen. Affected by the differential activities of the plates in the East African coast,the Davie Fracture Zone has different characteristics in different periods. In Late Carboniferous to Early Jurassic,the Davie Fracture Zone was mainly affected by tensile stress,and typical graben structures can be seen in the flattened seismic section. During the Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous,it turned into strike-slip property due to the southward drift of Madagascar. Since the Late Cretaceous,it entered the passive continental margin stage,and the Davie East Fault basically ceased its activity,while the Davie West Fault continued to be active. The development and evolution of the Davie Fracture Zone is inherited,and its north-south structural difference is the result of the combined effect of heat conduction and plate stress transition. Thus,a tectonic deformation model of "continuous activity of the southern structural ridge and local compression after the northern expansion" was established. The above conclusions could make a contribution for the study of oil and gas geology of the Davie Fracture Zone.

Key words: segmented differential deformation, tectonic evolution, formation mechanism, Davie Fracture Zone, East African coast

中图分类号:

TE121.2

覃阳亮, 何幼斌, 蔡俊, 李华, 张灿, 刘建宁. 东非海岸Davie构造带的构造演化特征及其成因机制[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(2): 104–115.

QIN Yangliang, HE Youbin, CAI Jun, LI Hua, ZHANG Can, LIU Jianning. Tectonic evolution and formation mechanism of Davie Fracture Zone in East Africa coast[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33(2): 104–115.

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东非海岸Davie构造带的构造演化特征及其成因机制

Tectonic evolution and formation mechanism of Davie Fracture Zone in East Africa coast

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