岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 86–98.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230308

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国典型白云岩储集层特征及成藏模式

杜江民1,2, 刘泊远1,2, 张毅3, 贾志伟3, 付基友4, 龙鹏宇1,2, 罗金洋5, 盛军6   

  1. 1. 河北地质大学 河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室, 石家庄 050031;
    2. 河北地质大学 地球科学学院, 石家庄 050031;
    3. 中国石油西南油气田公司, 成都 610051;
    4. 中国石油集团西部钻探工程有限公司 地质研究院, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000;
    5. 中国石油华北油田公司, 河北 任丘 062552;
    6. 中国石油青海油田公司, 甘肃 敦煌 736202
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-03 修回日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2023-04-25
  • 作者简介:杜江民（1984—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事石油地质、沉积学方面的研究工作。地址：（050031）河北省石家庄市槐安东路136号河北地质大学教务处。Email：jiangmindu@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省高等学校科学技术研究重点项目 “海相碳酸盐岩储层白云岩成因机理研究”（编号： ZD2022057） 资助。

Characteristics and accumulation model of typical dolomite reservoirs in China

DU Jiangmin1,2, LIU Boyuan1,2, ZHANG Yi3, JIA Zhiwei3, FU Jiyou4, LONG Pengyu1,2, LUO Jinyang5, SHENG Jun6   

  1. 1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China;
    2. College of Earth Sciences, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China;
    3. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, China;
    4. Geological Research Institute, CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China;
    5. PetroChina Huabei Oilfield Company, Renqiu 062552, Hebei, China;
    6. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-10-03 Revised:2022-10-18 Published:2023-04-25

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摘要： 通过综述国内典型海相白云岩储层和陆相白云岩储层的发育特征,系统总结了白云岩储层特征及成藏模式。研究结果表明:①台地边缘或台内裂陷边缘、碳酸盐岩缓坡易发育相控型白云岩储层,如塔里木盆地震旦系灯影组发育多个台内裂陷,裂陷周缘发育丘滩白云岩储层,裂陷内充填泥质烃源岩,形成了良好的源储组合。②华北盆地中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组岩性为厚层块状泥晶-粉晶白云岩,主要为微生物成因,储层质量受控于微生物沉积作用、印支期以来的构造破裂作用及溶蚀等成岩作用。③四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组四段发育相对优质的低孔-特低渗型白云岩储层,平均孔隙度为4.8%,平均渗透率为0.5 mD,主要包括泥晶藻云岩、晶粒白云岩和鞍状白云岩,储集层发育的主控因素为有利相带、白云岩化作用及构造作用。④准噶尔盆地二叠系芦草沟组、银额盆地白垩系和柴达木盆地渐新统等3个典型的陆相白云岩储集层普遍较为致密,以纳米-微米级白云石晶间孔为主要储集空间,孔隙度可达10%,但绝大多数渗透率小于0.1 mD。⑤陆相白云岩多为"自生自储"型油气藏,既是储集岩,又具有生油能力,有机质丰度和成熟度偏低,但源岩中分散的可溶有机质可在低熟阶段生烃,咸化环境下具有较高的液态烃产率。⑥陆相白云岩油气藏大多为大型"连续型"非常规油气藏,储集体呈大规模广覆式分布于凹陷或沉积中心,与源外构造高部位和斜坡区形成的构造油气藏、岩性油气藏和地层油气藏共同组成了广泛分布的油气田群。

关键词: 海相白云岩, 陆相白云岩, 白云石晶间孔, 热液白云岩, 微生物白云岩, 可溶有机质, 低丰度-低熟, 自生自储, “连续型”非常规油气藏, 成藏模式

Abstract: Through the review of the development characteristics of typical marine dolomite reservoirs and continental dolomite reservoirs in China， the characteristics and accumulation model of dolomite reservoirs were systematically summarized. The results show that： （1）Facies-controlled dolomite reservoirs are generally developed on the platform margin or marginal zone of intra-platform rift，and on the carbonate ramp. For example，several intraplatform rifts are developed in Sinian Dengying Formation in Tarim Basin，mound shoal dolomite reservoirs are developed around the rift，and argillaceous source rocks are filled in the rift，forming a good source-reservoir configuration.（2）The lithologies of Wumishan Formation of Mesoproterozoic Jixian System in North China Basin are mainly thick massive micritic dolostones，which are mainly of microbial origin. The reservoir quality is controlled by microbial sedimentation， structural fracturing since Indosinian and dissolution.（3）The fourth member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area of Sichuan Basin is developed with relatively high-quality dolomite reservoir with low porosity and ultra-low permeability，with an average porosity of 4.8% and an average permeability of 0.5 mD，mainly including micritic algal dolomite，crystalline dolomite and saddle dolomite. The main controlling factors for reservoir development include favorable facies belt， dolomitization and tectonism. （4）The continental dolomite reservoirs of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Junggar Basin，Cretaceous in Yin’ e Basin and Oligocene in Qaidam Basin，are generally relatively tight，with nano-micron dolomite intercrystalline pores as the main reservoir space，with porosity up to 10%， but most of the permeability less than 0.1 mD.（5）Most continental dolomites are self-generation and self-reservoir oil and gas reservoirs. They are reservoir rocks and have oil-generating capacity. The abundance and maturity of organic matters are low，but the dispersed soluble organic matters in the source rocks can generate hydrocarbons in the low maturity stage， and have high liquid hydrocarbon yield in the saline environment.（6）The continental dolomite reservoirs are mostly large continuous unconventional oil and gas reservoirs，which are widely distributed in depressions or sedimentary centers in a large scale，and together with the structural reservoirs，lithologic reservoirs and stratigraphic reservoirs formed in the high part of the structure and slope area outside the source， form a widely distributed oil and gas field group.

Key words: marine dolomite, continental dolomite, dolomite intercrystalline pores, hydrothermal dolomite, microbial dolomite, soluble organic matter, low abundance-low maturity, self-generation and self-reservoir, continuous unconventional reservoirs, accumulation model

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2
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