岩性油气藏 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 187–200.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220119

• 论坛与综述 • 上一篇    

全球碳酸盐岩地层-岩性大油气田分布特征及其控制因素

熊加贝1,2, 何登发1,2   

  1. 1. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院, 北京 100083;
    2. 中国地质大学(北京)海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-13 修回日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2022-01-21
  • 作者简介:熊加贝(1997-),女,中国地质大学(北京)在读硕士研究生,研究方向为矿产普查与勘探。地址:(100083)北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学(北京)能源学院。Email:805590121@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目“三大克拉通位置的恢复复原与相互关系及裂解-聚合过程、构造热体制”（编号：U19B6003-01）资助

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of global giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas fields

XIONG Jiabei1,2, HE Dengfa1,2   

  1. 1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichmant Mechanism, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2021-07-13 Revised:2021-10-18 Published:2022-01-21

PDF (PC)

472

摘要： 碳酸盐岩地层-岩性大油气田是一种重要的油气田类型，勘探已经证实其在全球范围内有着大量的油气资源及油气产量。通过对全球94个碳酸盐岩地层-岩性大油气田的区域展布、层系分布、圈闭类型、储层埋深及储量规模等参数的分析，探讨了其分布的主控因素。这类油气田主要分布于北美、中东和中亚地区，其中北美含油气域的油气最为富集，主要富集层系为奥陶系、石炭系、古近系和新近系。圈闭类型主要为生物礁类、颗粒滩类、成岩圈闭和不整合与风化壳型；埋深一般小于5 000 m，埋深超过5 000 m的油气田仅占6.4%。本文重点探讨了以下5个关键因素对碳酸盐岩地层-岩性大油气田的形成与分布：①稳定局限的浅水环境、中低纬度有利于有机质的生成和保存；②构造运动不但会产生大量断裂和裂缝带而增加储层的储集空间，而且会促进油气的运聚（往往与生烃期相匹配），也为古岩溶作用提供有利背景；③古岩溶等成岩作用改善了储集性能；④蒸发岩起到了良好的封盖油气作用；⑤圈闭定型时间与烃源岩的生、排烃时间需在时空上达到良好的匹配关系。

关键词: 碳酸盐岩, 地层-岩性圈闭, 分布特征, 古环境, 古岩溶作用, 控制因素

Abstract: Giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas field is an important type of oil and gas field in the world. It has been proved to be rich in oil and gas resources and production. Ninety-four carbonate stratigraphiclithologic oil and gas fields were theoretically analyzed, including their geographical distribution, strata distribution, trap types, buried depth and reserve scale of reservoirs,and the main controlling factors of their distribution were discussed. Such oil and gas fields are mainly distributed in the North America, Middle East and Central Asia, among which North America has the most abundant oil and gas,and the oil and gas resources of carbonate reservoirs are mainly accumulated in the Ordovician, Carboniferous, Paleogene and Neogene. The traps can be classified as biological reef, grain beach, diagenetic trap, unconformity and weathering crust. The reservoir burial depth of these oil and gas fields is generally less than 5 000 m,and the oil and gas fields with reservoir burial depth of more than 5 000 m account for only 6.4%. The effects of the following five key factors on the formation and distribution of giant carbonate stratigraphic-lithologic oil and gas fields were discussed:(1) The stable and confined shallow water environment and mid-low latitude are conducive for the generation and preservation of organic matter.(2) Tectonic movement not only increases the reservoir spaces by producing a large number of faults and fracture zones, but also promotes the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon(usually matching with the hydrocarbon generation stage), and provides a favorable background for paleo-karstification(. 3) Diagenesis such as paleo-karst improves reservoir performance.(4) Evaporite plays an important role in sealing oil and gas.(5) Trap finalization time and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion time of source rocks need to achieve a good matching relationship in time and space.

Key words: carbonate, stratigraphic-lithologic traps, distribution characteristics, paleo-environment, paleo-karstifi cation, controlling factors

中图分类号: 

  • TE121
[1] BOIS C, BOUCHE P, PELET R. Global geologic history and distribution of hydrocarbon reserves. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(9):1248-1270.
[2] 谷志东, 汪泽成, 胡素云, 等.全球海相碳酸盐岩巨型油气田发育的构造环境及勘探启示.天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(1):106-118. GU Z D, WANG Z C, HU S Y, et al. Tectonic settings of global marine carbonate giant fields and exploration significance. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(1):106-118.
[3] 张宁宁, 何登发, 孙衍鹏, 等.全球碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征及其控制因素.中国石油勘探, 2014, 19(6):54-65. ZHANG N N, HE D F, SUN Y P, et al. Distribution patterns and controlling factors of giant carbonate rock oil and gas fields worldwide. China Petroleum Exploration, 2014, 19(6):54-65.
[4] 王大鹏, 白国平, 徐艳, 等. 全球古生界海相碳酸盐岩大油气田特征及油气分布.古地理学报, 2016, 18(1):80-92. WANG D P, BAI G P, XU Y, et al. Characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution of the Paleozoic giant marine carbonate rock oilgas fields in the world. Journal of Paleogeography, 2016, 18(1):80-92.
[5] 贾小乐, 何登发, 童晓光.扎格罗斯前陆盆地大油气田的形成条件与分布规律.中国石油勘探, 2013, 18(5):54-67. JIA X L, HE D F, TONG X G. Formation and distribution of giant oil and gas fields in Zagros Foreland Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 2013, 18(5):54-67.
[6] 高金尉, 何登发, 王兆明.北美含油气域大油气田形成条件和分布规律.中国石油勘探, 2011, 16(3):44-56. GAO J W, HE D F, WANG Z M. Formation and distribution of giant oil and gas fields in North America petroliferous domain. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011, 16(3):44-56.
[7] 金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题.地学前缘, 2005, 12(3):15-22. JIN Z J. Particularity of petroleum exploration on marine carbonate strata in China sedimentary basins. Earth Science Frontiers, 2005, 12(3):15-22.
[8] 汪泽成, 赵文智, 胡素云, 等.我国海相碳酸盐岩大油气田油气藏类型及分布特征.石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(2):153-160. WANG Z C, ZHAO W Z, HU S Y, et al. Reservoir types and distribution characteristics of large marine carbonate oil and gas fields in China. Oil and Gas Geology, 2013, 34(2):153-160.
[9] HALBOUTY M T. Giant oil and gas fields of the 1990 s:An introduction. AAPG Memoir 18, 2003:1-13.
[10] HORN M K. Giant fields trends 1. Oil and Gas Journal, 2007, 105(13):36-39.
[11] C & C reservoirs. Field evaluation report, 2005.
[12] AHLBRANDT T S, CHARPENTIER R R, KLETT T R, et al. Global resource estimates from total petroleum systems. AAPG Memoir, 2005:31-316.
[13] 李晶, 孙婧, 陶明信.全球油气探明储量与大油气田的分布及地质构造背景.天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(2):259-267. LI J, SUN J, TAO M X. Correlation of globally proved oil-gas reserves and distribution of giant size oil-gas fields and geotectonic settings. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(2):259-267.
[14] 王大兴, 曾令帮, 张盟勃, 等.鄂尔多斯盆地台缘带下古生界碳酸盐岩储层预测与综合评价.中国石油勘探, 2011, 16(增刊1):89-94. WANG D X, ZENG L B, ZHANG M B, et al. Carbonate reservoir prediction and estimation about Lower Paleozoic platform margin belt in Ordos Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 2011, 16(Suppl 1):89-94.
[15] 朱光有, 张水昌, 王欢欢, 等.塔里木盆地北部深层风化壳储层的形成与分布.岩石学报, 2009, 25(10):2384-2398. ZHU G Y, ZHANG S C, WANG H H, et al. The formation and distribution of deep weathering crust in north Tarim Basin. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(10):2384-2398.
[16] 范嘉松, 吴亚生.川东二叠纪生物礁的再认识.石油与天然气地质, 2002, 23(1):12-18. FAN J S, WU Y S. Recognition of Permian reefs in eastern Sichuan. Oil and Gas Geology, 2002, 23(1):12-18.
[17] 顾家裕, 张兴阳, 罗平, 等.塔里木盆地奥陶系台地边缘生物礁、滩发育特征.石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(3):277-283. GU J Y, ZHANG X Y, LUO P, et al. Development characteristics of organic reef-bank complex on Ordovician carbonate platform margin in Tarim Basin. Oil and Gas Geology, 2005, 26(3):277-283.
[18] 林畅松, 杨海军, 刘景彦, 等.塔里木盆地古生代中央隆起带古构造地貌及其对沉积相发育分布的制约.中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2009, 39(3):306-316. LIN C S, YANG H J, LIU J Y, et al. Paleotectonic geomorphology of Paleozoic central uplift belt in Tarim Basin and its constraints on the development and distribution of sedimentary facies. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 2009, 39(3):306-316.
[19] 吕修祥, 金之钧.碳酸盐岩油气田分布规律.石油学报, 2000, 21(3):8-12. LYU X X, JIN Z J. Distribution patterns of oil-gas fields in the carbonate rock. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000, 21(3):8-12.
[20] 罗晓彤, 文华国, 彭才, 等.巴西桑托斯盆地L油田BV组湖相碳酸盐岩沉积特征及高精度层序划分.岩性油气藏, 2020, 32(3):68-81. LUO X T, WEN H G, PENG C, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and high-precision sequence division of lacustrine carbonate rocks of BV Formation in L oilfield of Santos Basin, Brazil. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2020, 32(3):68-81.
[21] 谢增业, 田世澄, 单秀琴, 等.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气富集成藏特征及勘探前景.石油勘探与开发, 2005, 33(2):31-34. XIE Z Y, TIAN S C, SHAN X Q, et al. Features of gas accumulation and exploration foreground in oolitic reservoir of Feixianguan Formation in Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 33(2):31-34.
[22] 马锋, 杨柳明, 顾家裕, 等.世界白云岩油气田勘探综述.沉积学报, 2011, 29(5):1010-1021. MA F, YANG L M, GU J Y, et al. The summary on exploration of the dolomite oilfields in the world. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2011, 29(5):1010-1021.
[23] 张静, 罗平.塔里木盆地奥陶系孔隙型白云岩储层成因.石油实验地质, 2010, 32(5):470-474. ZHANG J, LUO P. Genesis of Ordovician matrix-porosity dolomite reservoir in the Tarim Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2010, 32(5):470-474.
[24] 苏中堂, 陈洪德, 徐粉燕, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩地球化学特征及白云岩化机制分析. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(8):2230-2238. SU Z T, CHEN H D, XU F Y, et al. Geochemistry and dolomitization mechanism of Majiagou dolomites in Ordovician, Ordos, China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(8):2230-2238.
[25] 何发岐.碳酸盐岩地层中不整合-岩溶风化壳油气田:以塔里木盆地塔河油田为例.地质论评, 2002, 48(4):391-397. HE F Q. Karst weathering crust oil-gas field on carbonate unconformity:An example from the Tahe Oilfield in the Ordovician reservoir in the Tarim Basin. Geological Review, 2002, 48(4):391-397.
[26] 张希明. 新疆塔河油田下奥陶统碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏特征. 石油勘探与开发, 2001, 28(5):17-22. ZHANG X M. The characteristics of Lower Ordovician fissurevug carbonate oil and gas pools in Tahe Oil field, Xinjiang. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2001, 28(5):17-22.
[27] 何治亮, 魏修成, 钱一雄, 等.海相碳酸盐岩优质储层形成机理与分布预测.石油与天然气地质, 2011, 32(4):489-498. HE Z L, WEI X C, QIAN Y X, et al. Forming mechanism and distribution prediction of quality marine carbonate reservoirs. Oil and Gas Geology, 2011, 32(4):489-498.
[28] 江怀友, 宋新民, 王元基, 等.世界海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发现状与展望.海洋石油, 2008, 28(4):6-13. JIANG H Y, SONG X M, WANG Y J, et al. Current situation and forecast of the world's carbonate oil and gas exploration and development. Offshore Oil, 2008, 28(4):6-13.
[29] 夏新宇, 陶士振, 戴金星.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气田的现状和若干特征.海相油气地质, 2000, 5(1/2) 6-11. XIA X Y, TAO S Z, DAI J X. Present situation and some characteristics of marine carbonate oil and gas fields in China. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2000, 5(1/2):6-11.
[30] 赵文智, 沈安江, 胡素云, 等.中国碳酸盐岩储集层大型化发育的地质条件与分布特征.石油勘探与开发, 2012, 39(1):1-12. ZHAO W Z, SHEN A J, HU S Y, et al. Geological conditions and distributional features of large-scale carbonate reservoirs onshore China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012, 39(1):1-12.
[31] 杜金虎, 杨华, 徐春春, 等.东西伯利亚地台碳酸盐岩成藏条件对我国油气勘探的启示.岩性油气藏, 2013, 25(3):1-8. DU J H, YANG H, XU C C, et al. Carbonate reservoir forming conditions of East Siberia platform and its inspiration to oil and gas exploration in China. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2013, 25(3):1-8.
[32] 刘剑平, 潘校华, 马君, 等.西部非洲地区油气地质特征及资源概述.石油勘探与开发, 2008, 35(3):378-384. LIU J P, PAN X H, MA J, et al. Petroleum geology and resources in West Africa:An overview. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2008, 35(3):378-384.
[33] 张静, 张宝民, 单秀琴.古气候与古海洋对碳酸盐岩储集层发育的控制.石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(1):121-128. ZHANG J, ZHANG B M, SHAN X Q. Controlling effects of paleo-climate and paleo-ocean on formation of carbonate reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(1):121-128.
[34] 夏新宇, 戴金星.碳酸盐岩生烃指标及生烃量评价的新认识. 石油学报, 2000, 21(4):36-41. XIA X Y, DAI J X. A critical review on the evaluation of hydrocarbonate rocks in China. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2000, 21(4):36-41.
[35] 沈安江, 陈子炓, 寿建峰. 相对海平面升降与中国南方二叠纪生物礁油气藏.沉积学报, 1999, 17(3):367-373. SHEN A J, CHEN Z L, SHOU J F. Permian reef oil & gas pool in southern China controlled by relative sea level changes. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1999, 17(3):367-373.
[36] 王一刚, 张静, 杨雨, 等.四川盆地东部上二叠统长兴组生物礁气藏形成机理.海相油气地质, 2000, 5(1/2):145-152. WANG Y G, ZHANG J, YANG Y, et al. Formation mechanism of reef gas reservoir in Changxing Formation of Upper Permian in eastern Sichuan Basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2000, 5(1/2):145-152.
[37] ABILKHASIMOV K B. Conditions of reservoir formation in the Precaspian Depression's presalt section and an evaluation of their petroleum prospectivity. Alma-Ata:Kazakhstan Lenin Institute of Technology(in Russian), 2009.
[38] 白国平.世界碳酸盐岩大油气田分布特征.古地理学报, 2006, 8(2):241-250. BAI G P. Distribution patterns of giant carbonate fields in the world. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(2):241-250.
[39] 文竹, 何登发, 童晓光. 蒸发岩发育特征及其对大油气田形成的影响.新疆石油地质, 2012, 33(3):373-378. WEN Z, HE D F, TONG X G. Global evaporites development characteristics and their effects on formation of giant oil fields. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2012, 33(3):373-378.
[40] 王庭斌.中国大中型气田分布的地质特征及主控因素.石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32(4):1-8. WANG T B. Distribution of large-middle sized gas fields in China:Geological characteristics and key controlling factors. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(4):1-8.
[41] 何登发, 李德生, 童晓光, 等.中国沉积盆地油气立体综合勘探论.石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(2):265-284. HE D F, LI D S, TONG X G, et al. Integrated 3D hydrocarbon exploration in sedimentary basins of China. Oil and Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2):265-284.
[42] 马文辛, 欧阳诚, 廖波勇, 等.阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因.岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(5):59-69. MA W X, OUYANG C, LIAO B Y, et al. Characteristics and genesis of Oxfordian microbial limestone reservoirs in eastern Amu Darya Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33(5):59-69.
[1] 徐诗雨, 林怡, 曾乙洋, 赵春妮, 何开来, 杨京, 黎洋, 祝怡. 川西北双鱼石地区下二叠统栖霞组气水分布特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2022, 34(1): 63-72.
[2] 田晓平, 张汶, 周连德, 沈孝秀, 郭维. 南堡凹陷二号断裂带古生界碳酸盐岩潜山岩溶模式[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(6): 93-101.
[3] 赵小萌, 郭峰, 彭晓霞, 张翠萍, 郭岭, 师宇翔. 鄂尔多斯盆地安边地区延10砂质辫状河相储层特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(6): 124-134.
[4] 马博, 吉利明, 张明震, 金培红, 苑伯超, 龙礼文. 酒西盆地红柳峡地区下白垩统烃源岩孢粉相与沉积古环境特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(5): 22-33.
[5] 马文辛, 欧阳诚, 廖波勇, 徐邱康, 陈仁金, 王欣, 夏慧萍, 张婷. 阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(5): 59-69.
[6] 尹兴平, 蒋裕强, 付永红, 张雪梅, 雷治安, 陈超, 张海杰. 渝西地区五峰组—龙马溪组龙一1亚段页岩岩相及储层特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(4): 41-51.
[7] 叶涛, 王清斌, 代黎明, 陈容涛, 崔普媛. 台地相碳酸盐岩层序划分新方法——以渤中凹陷奥陶系为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(3): 95-103.
[8] 武中原, 张欣, 张春雷, 王海英. 基于LSTM循环神经网络的岩性识别方法[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(3): 120-128.
[9] 孙亮, 李保柱, 刘凡. 基于Pollock流线追踪的油藏高效水驱管理方法[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(3): 169-176.
[10] 黄华, 袁娟梅, 彭伟, 张亮, 文辉. 江汉盆地古近系潜江组盐湖沉积特征与成藏模式[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(2): 9-16.
[11] 黄芸, 杨德相, 李玉帮, 胡明毅, 季汉成, 樊杰, 张晓芳, 王元杰. 冀中坳陷杨税务奥陶系深潜山储层特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(2): 70-80.
[12] 王立辉, 夏惠芬, 韩培慧, 曹瑞波, 孙先达, 张思琪. 剩余油分布的微观特征及其可动用程度的定量表征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(2): 147-154.
[13] 杨美华, 钟海全, 李颖川. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏新型油藏生产指示曲线[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(2): 163-170.
[14] 蒋中发, 丁修建, 王忠泉, 赵辛楣. 吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩沉积古环境[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2020, 32(6): 109-119.
[15] 孙予舒, 黄芸, 梁婷, 季汉成, 向鹏飞, 徐新蓉. 基于XGBoost算法的复杂碳酸盐岩岩性测井识别[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2020, 32(4): 98-106.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 张杰, 赵玉华. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组地震层序地层研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 71 -74 .
[2] 王冰洁，何生，倪军娥，方度. 板桥凹陷钱圈地区主干断裂活动性分析[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 75 -82 .
[3] 车世琦. 测井资料用于页岩岩相划分及识别——以涪陵气田五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2018, 30(1): 121 -132 .
[4] 刘建新, 雍学善, 吴会良, 刘军迎, 张继娟, 郭旋. 苏里格气田盒8 段地震多技术储层沉积相研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(2): 80 -83 .
[5] 冯心远,王宇超,胡自多,李　斐,邵喜春. 基于叠后地震记录求取整形算子的叠前资料拼接技术[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(3): 93 -96 .
[6] 马中良, 曾溅辉, 赵乐强, 忤岳, 徐小松, 李丹. 断层物性和倾角变化对济阳坳陷斜坡带油气运聚影响的实验模拟[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(3): 109 -113 .
[7] 李晓春，王祝文，岳崇旺，陈博涛，丁阳. Hilbert-Huang 变换在提取声波测井信号储集特性中的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2009, 21(1): 107 -111 .
[8] 张正刚，袁剑英，阎存凤，马新民. 柴北缘地区冷湖3— 5 号构造带成藏控制因素分析[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2009, 21(2): 42 -44 .
[9] 刘瑞果，王为民，苏进昌. 歧口18-1 油田晚期注水研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2009, 21(1): 116 -119 .
[10] 王洪亮，王军，杨英波，罗兴平，万丙乾，王炜. 测井技术在X 气田油藏描述中的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2009, 21(3): 76 -81 .

陇ICP备17006252号
版权所有© 2018 中国石油集团西北地质研究所有限公司《岩性油气藏》编辑部

地址：甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号(陇ICP备17006252号)    电话：0931-8686158;8686058;8686288    邮箱：yxyqc@petrochina.com.cn

甘公网安备 62010202002827号

本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发