盖层封堵油气的机理研究

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20190102

岩性油气藏 ›› 2019, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 12–19.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20190102

盖层封堵油气的机理研究

李传亮¹, 朱苏阳¹, 刘东华²

1. 西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院, 成都 610599;
2. 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司, 广东湛江 524057

收稿日期:2018-06-16 修回日期:2018-07-28 出版日期:2019-01-18 发布日期:2019-01-18
第一作者:李传亮(1962-),男,博士,教授,主要从事油藏工程的教学与科研工作。地址:(610599)四川省成都市新都区西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院。Email:cllipe@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重大科技专项“大庆长垣特高含水油田提高采收率示范工程”（编号：2016ZX05054）资助

Mechanism of sealing oil and gas with cap-rocks

LI Chuanliang¹, ZHU Suyang¹, LIU Donghua²

1. School of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610599, China;
2. Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Zhanjiang 524057, Guangdong, China

Received:2018-06-16 Revised:2018-07-28 Online:2019-01-18 Published:2019-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盖层在油气成藏过程中起着十分重要的作用，为了搞清盖层的封堵机理，应用石油地质、油层物理和流体力学的相关知识对其进行了深入研究。结果表明：盖层是通过毛管压力封堵油气的，地层的非均质性越强，盖层与储层的毛管压力差值越大，能够封堵和聚集的油气数量就越多，均质地层不能聚集油气。地层的非均质性成就了石油工业。油气可以从烃源岩小孔隙运移进入储集岩大孔隙，却不能从储集岩大孔隙运移进入盖层小孔隙，这就是油气运移的奇妙之处。岩石的润湿性对油气封堵也十分重要，亲油岩石不能封堵油气，亲水岩石才能封堵油气。岩石的亲水性成就了石油工业。盖层中水的烃浓度极低，不可能超过油气藏的烃浓度，因而也不能对油气进行烃浓度封堵。盖层能够封堵油气，却不能封堵地层水；盖层能够封堵油气相，却不能封堵油气分子。盖层超压是用等效深度法计算出的结果，是一个假象，并非真的超压，也不可能对油气进行超压封堵。

关键词: 盖层封堵, 毛管压力, 油气运移, 烃浓度封堵, 超压封堵, 欠压实

Abstract: Underground accumulation of oil and gas is the result of cap-rock's sealing. Without the sealing of caprocks, oil and gas will migrate to the earth's surface and be lost away. Therefore,cap-rocks play an important role in the accumulation of oil and gas. In order to clarify the sealing mechanism of cap-rocks,a deep study was carried out based on the related knowledge of petroleum geology,petrophysics and fluid mechanics,which reached the following conclusions. Cap-rocks seal oil and gas by capillary pressure. The stronger the heterogeneity of formations is,the larger the capillary pressure differential between the cap-rock and the reservoir rock will be, and the more the oil and gas can be sealed by the cap-rocks. Homogeneous formations cannot accumulate oil and gas. The heterogeneity of formations has made the petroleum industry. Oil and gas can migrate from the smaller pores of hydrocarbon source rocks into the larger pores of reservoir rocks,but cannot migrate from the larger pores of reservoir rocks into the smaller pores of cap-rocks,which is the marvelous point of oil and gas migration. The wettability of rocks is also very important. The oil-wet rocks cannot seal oil and gas,while the water-wet rocks can do. The water-wettability of rocks has made the petroleum industry. The hydrocarbon concentration of water is quite low in cap-rocks,being impossibly higher than that in reservoirs,so the hydrocarbon concentration sealing of cap-rocks cannot take place. Cap-rocks can seal oil and gas rather than formation water,and cap-rocks can seal the phase of oil and gas rather than the molecules of oil and gas, which is the marvelous point of sealing mechanism of cap-rocks. Overpressure of cap-rocks is calculated by the equivalent depth method,which is a misleading appearance. Cap-rocks are not really overpressured,so they cannot apply overpressure sealing to oil and gas.

Key words: cap-rock sealing, capillary pressure, hydrocarbon migration, hydrocarbon concentration sealing, overpressure sealing, undercompaction

中图分类号:

TE342

李传亮, 朱苏阳, 刘东华. 盖层封堵油气的机理研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2019, 31(1): 12–19.

LI Chuanliang, ZHU Suyang, LIU Donghua. Mechanism of sealing oil and gas with cap-rocks[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31(1): 12–19.

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盖层封堵油气的机理研究

Mechanism of sealing oil and gas with cap-rocks

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