岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 97–110.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260209

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩非均质性及控油作用

郭昱辛1,2(), 白玉彬1,2(), 赵靖舟1,2, 张军1,2, 曹丹丹3   

  1. 1 西安石油大学 地球科学与工程学院， 西安 710065
    2 陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室， 西安 710065
    3 延长油田股份有限公司产建指挥部， 陕西 延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-26 修回日期:2025-09-29 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 第一作者:郭昱辛（2000—），女，西安石油大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为页岩油地质评价。地址：（710065）陕西省西安市电子二路18号。Email:326005456@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 白玉彬（1981—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事致密油、页岩油等石油地质领域的教学与研究工作。Email:baiyubin@xsyu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“流体活动与自生矿物形成转化及有机质热演化对页岩孔隙发育和烃类赋存的影响”(42372155)

Heterogeneity and oil control effects of Triassic Chang 7 shale in Zhidan area, Ordos Basin

GUO Yuxin1,2(), BAI Yubin1,2(), ZHAO Jingzhou1,2, ZHANG Jun1,2, CAO Dandan3   

  1. 1 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
    2 Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an 710065, China
    3 Production Construction Headquarters， Yanchang Oilfield Co., Ltd., Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-08-26 Revised:2025-09-29 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-01-15

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摘要：

中国陆相含油气盆地页岩油资源潜力大，泥页岩储层的非均质性对其含油性及可压性具有控制作用。基于岩心观察、总有机碳（TOC）及热解、全岩及黏土矿物X射线衍射分析、高压压汞和氮气（N2）吸附实验等多种测试，较系统地揭示了鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩储层的非均质性特征，并探讨了其对页岩油富集的控制作用。研究结果表明：①鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7主要为暗色泥岩和黑色页岩，可划分为长英质泥岩岩相、黏土质泥岩岩相和混合质页岩岩相。不同岩相的宏观非均质性主要受陆源输入、火山活动频次及沉积环境的影响，表现为纹层分布频率越大，岩性变化越频繁，非均质性越强；微观上，从黏土质泥岩、长英质泥岩至混合质页岩的非均质性随纹层频率增加而逐渐增强。②不同岩相的矿物组成和TOC含量差异显著，具有强非均质性特征。③研究区长7泥页岩储层孔隙类型多样，发育粒间孔、粒内孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔及微裂缝等；孔隙结构以介孔为主，孔径主要为10~100 nm，发育“墨水瓶”状孔隙及平行板状孔隙。④岩性、矿物含量、TOC含量及孔隙结构均对研究区长7页岩油具有控制作用，其中岩相、TOC含量、平均孔径大小与含油性指标呈较明显正相关关系，为页岩油富集的主控因素；可通过泥页岩非均质性特征，结合含油性、脆性指数及可动油评价标准预测页岩油富集的“甜点”段。

关键词: 泥页岩, 非均质性, 控油作用, TOC, 页岩岩相, “甜点”评价, 长7, 三叠系, 志丹地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

The shale oil resource potential of continental petroliferous basins in China is significant，and heterogeneity of the mud shale reservoir controls its oil-bearing and fracability. Based on testings, such as core observation, total organic carbon (TOC) and pyrolysis, whole rock and clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis, high-pressure mercury intrusion and nitrogen (N2) adsorption experiment, heterogeneity characteristics of Triassic Chang 7 shale reservoir in Zhidan area of Ordos Basin were systematically revealed, and its control effect on shale oil enrichment was discussed. The results show that: （1） Triassic Chang 7 in Zhidan area of Ordos Basin is mainly composed of dark mudstone and black shale, which can be divided into felsic mudstone facies, clayey mudstone facies, and mixed shale facies. The macroscopic heterogeneity of different lithofacies is mainly influenced by terrestrial input,volcanic activity frequency, and sedimentary environments, manifested as the greater frequency of bedding distribution and more frequent changes in lithology, and stronger heterogeneity. On a microscopic level, from clayed mudstone, felsic mudstone to mixed shale, the heterogeneity gradually increases with the increasing frequency of bedding. （2） The mineral composition and TOC content of different lithologies vary significantly, exhibiting strong heterogeneity characteristics. （3） The pore types of Chang 7 mud shale re-servoir in the study area are diverse, including intergranular pores, intragranular pores, clay mineral intercrystalline pores, pyrite intercrystalline pores, and microfractures. The pore structure is mainly mesoporous, with pore diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm, developing “ink bottle” shaped pores and parallel plate-shaped pores. （4） Lithology, mineral content, TOC content, and pore structure all have controlling effects on Chang 7 shale oil in the study area. Among them, lithofacies, TOC content and average pore diameter have relatively obvious positive correlations with oil-bearing property indicators, which are the main controlling factors for shale oil enrichment. The “sweet spot” segment of shale oil enrichment can be predicted by integrating the heterogeneity characteristics of mud shale, oil-bearing property, brittleness index and movable oil evaluation criteria.

Key words: mud shale, heterogeneity, oil control effect, TOC, shale lithofacies, “sweet spot” evaluation, Chang 7, Triassic, Zhidan area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长73亚组页岩厚度分布特征（a）及长7泥页岩岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩测井划分图版"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩典型岩性及组合特征 （a） 暗色泥岩与灰黑色纹层状页岩，F310井，长71亚组，1 824.60~1 828.07 m；（b） 暗色泥岩、黑色页岩与薄层凝灰岩，F268井，长73亚组，1 904.00~1 912.50 m。"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩连井剖面（剖面位置见图1a）"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩典型非均质性特征岩相样品微观照片 （a） 黏土质泥岩，Y1011井，1 777.18 m；（b） 黏土质泥岩，局部发育微裂缝，图a中框线处放大图；（c）混合质页岩，S380井，1 693.55 m；（d）混合质页岩，亮色长英质纹层与暗色黏土质纹层、富有机质纹层交替发育，图c中框线处放大图；（e） 长英质泥岩，JT66井，1 910.46 m；（f） 长英质泥岩，暗色黏土层、亮色长英质及黄绿色凝灰质互层分布，图e中框线处放大图。"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩矿物纵向非均质性"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7泥页岩黏土矿物类型及含量统计"

岩相
类型		 样品
编号		 w（伊利石）/% w（高岭石）/% w（绿泥石）/% w（伊蒙混层）/%
长英
质泥岩		 Z4 26.0 1.0 0 73.0
Z29 45.0 10.0 33.0 12.0
Z34 10.0 41.0 26.0 23.0
Z28 65.0 1.0 23.0 11.0
黏土
质泥岩		 Z10 62.0 1.0 3.0 34.0
Z11 25.0 10.0 10.0 55.0
Z56 47.0 6.0 25.0 22.0
Z59 77.0 0 13.0 10.0
混合
质页岩		 Z31 34.0 17.0 25.0 24.0
Z33 56.0 9.0 21.0 14.0
Z35 18.0 25.0 27.0 30.0
Z1 9.0 7.0 28.0 56.0
Z2 17.0 4.0 13.0 66.0
Z3 14.0 4.0 12.0 70.0
Z5 8.0 6.0 15.0 71.0
Z7 11.0 13.0 20.0 56.0

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区S380井三叠系长7油层组泥页岩扫描电镜微观特征 （a） 黏土矿物晶间孔，1 689.75 m；（b） 草莓状黄铁矿晶间孔，1 695.24 m；（c） 粒内孔，1 689.75 m；（d） 可见粒内孔及粒间孔，1 695.24 m；（e） 有机质生烃体积膨胀导致形成收缩缝，1 693.55 m；（f） 微裂缝，1 693.55 m。"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7油层组N2吸附-脱附和毛管压力曲线及孔径分布"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7油层组不同岩相游离烃含量（S1）及氯仿沥青“A”含量的分布特征"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7油层组热解游离烃、氯仿沥青“A”含量与无机矿物含量的相关性"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7 油层组不同岩性泥岩热解游离烃、氯仿沥青“A”含量及其族组分含量与TOC的相关性"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7油层组TOC含量、S1、氯仿沥青“A”含量与平均孔径的相关性（据文献[48]修改）"

表2

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区三叠系长7油层组页岩油“甜点”评价标准"

“甜点”
等级		 可压性 含油性 可动性
脆性
指数/%		 非均质性结果（级差） S1/
（mg·g-1）		 非均质性结果（级差） OSI/
（mg·g-1·
TOC -1）		 非均质性结果
（级差）
有利靶点类（一类） ≥ 60 1.44 ≥ 5 1.19 > 100 1.73
潜在资源类（二类） 40~60 1.34 3~5 1.13 > 70 1.76
补充资源类（三类） 40~60 1.27 3~5 1.09 < 70 1.18

图13

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区G135井三叠系长7油层组综合分析（TOC数据据文献[50]修改，无机矿物数据据文献[15]修改）"

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