岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 115.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230401
张昌民1, 张祥辉1, ADRIAN J. Hartley2, 冯文杰1, 尹太举1, 尹艳树1, 朱锐1
ZHANG Changmin1, ZHANG Xianghui1, ADRIAN J. Hartley2, FENG Wenjie1, YIN Taiju1, YIN Yanshu1, ZHU Rui1
摘要: 通过综述国内外分支河流体系(DFS)的研究进展,总结了DFS的地貌特征和主要类型,并探讨了DFS形成和发育的控制因素。研究结果表明: ①DFS不是新的或者特殊的河道类型,而是多种河道有规律的集合,地貌特征表现为水系网络从一点呈放射状展布,多种河型共同发育,河道几何形态变化大,沉积环境包括河道和河道间区域,沉积体系复杂;主要类型包括冲积扇、河流扇和巨型扇。②以DFS半径为关键指标,面积和坡度为辅助指标将DFS分为小型(冲积扇)、大型(河流扇)和巨型(巨型扇),小型DFS扇体半径小于30 km,面积小于100 km2,坡度大于1.0°;大型DFS半径为30~100 km,面积为100~1 000 km2,坡度小于1.0°;巨型DFS扇体半径大于100 km,面积大于1 000 km2,坡度小于0.5°,3种类型的分布范围有一定的交叉和重复,还需结合DFS的沉积水动力过程和沉积特征进行判别。③构造背景和气候是控制DFS形成与分布的最根本因素;流域面积、母岩性质直接影响DFS中沉积物供给总量、供给速率及成分和结构;地形坡度作为间接因素,与河流流量、流速等自生因素相结合,控制河道形态以及河道的分汊和决口,进而控制了DFS表面的沉积环境和沉积相分布。
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