阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20210506

岩性油气藏 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 59–69.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210506

阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因

马文辛, 欧阳诚, 廖波勇, 徐邱康, 陈仁金, 王欣, 夏慧萍, 张婷

中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司地质勘探开发研究院, 成都 610059

收稿日期:2020-11-02 修回日期:2021-02-09 出版日期:2021-10-01 发布日期:2021-09-30
作者简介:马文辛(1982-),女,博士,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质综合研究。地址:(610059)四川省成都市成华区建设北路一段83号。Email:mwx_0725@cnpc.com.cn。
基金资助:
“十三五”国家科技重大专项“丝绸之路经济带大型碳酸盐岩油气藏开发关键技术”（编号：2017ZX05030-003-004）和“阿姆河右岸东部高陡复杂构造带北区气田缝洞体综合评价与油气富集规律研究”（编号：CQ2020B-2-1-1）资助

Characteristics and genesis of Oxfordian microbial limestone reservoirs in eastern Amu Darya Basin

MA Wenxin, OUYANG Cheng, LIAO Boyong, XU Qiukang, CHEN Renjin, WANG Xin, XIA Huiping, ZHANG Ting

Research Institute of Geological Exploration & Development, Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., CNPC, Chengdu 610051, China

Received:2020-11-02 Revised:2021-02-09 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 阿姆河盆地东部上侏罗统牛津阶微生物灰岩层是最主要的油气勘探开发目标层，明确该套微生物岩储层特征及其成因，对勘探开发具有重要的理论与实际意义。利用36口探井岩心、薄片、物性和地球化学分析资料，结合测井与地震资料，开展了该套微生物灰岩沉积微相特征、储集岩石学与储集物性特征、储集空间特征与储集类型研究，并进一步探讨了该套微生物灰岩储层的成因。结果表明：卡拉别克凹陷-桑迪克雷隆起-别什肯特坳陷为碳酸盐岩起伏状上缓坡沉积环境，广泛发育了微生物黏结丘/礁/滩及丘滩与礁滩复合体微相。其中，凝块岩是最好的储集岩，发育Ⅱ类储层；其次为微生物黏结形成的球粒/砂屑/生屑灰岩，发育Ⅲ类储层。基萨尔山前为碳酸盐岩起伏状下缓坡沉积环境，主要发育含微生物颗粒泥晶灰岩微相，储集岩是受构造与溶蚀改造后的（含）颗粒泥晶灰岩及泥晶灰岩，发育Ⅳ类储层。储层主要成因为：①微生物黏结丘/礁/滩长期处于浅埋藏成岩环境，有利于原生粒间孔的保存，是研究区牛津阶微生物岩储层发育与形成的重要基础。②燕山运动晚期（距今119 Ma）、喜山运动早期（距今61.31 Ma）2期构造破裂作用形成的断层与微裂缝，有助于外来流体对微生物丘/礁/滩内部基质的改造，是研究区微生物灰岩储层发育与形成的重要前提。③烃类有机酸快速侵位与有机酸溶蚀、高温地层流体与深部热液、TSR作用3类流体叠加溶蚀改造，是研究区微生物储层发育与形成的关键。

关键词: 微生物储层, 碳酸盐岩, 牛津阶, 上侏罗统, 阿姆河盆地

Abstract: The Upper Jurassic Oxfordian microbial limestone layer is the most important oil & gas exploration target layer in eastern Amu Darya Basin. Clarifying the characteristics and genesis of this microbial reservoir has important theoretical and practical significance for oil & gas exploration and development. Based on cores, thin sections, physical properties and geochemical analysis data of 36 wells, combined with logging and seismic data, the sedimentary microfacies characteristics, reservoir petrology and physical properties, reservoir space characteristics and reservoir types were studied, and the genesis of microbial limestone reservoir was discussed. The results show that the depositional environment of Karabek Sag-Sandy Klei uplift-Beishkent depression is undulating up gentle slope, and microfacies of microbial adhesion mound, reef, shoal, mound shoal or reef shoal are widely developed. Thrombolite is the best reservoir rocks with type Ⅱ. Pellets, sand, biological limestone, which are formed by microbial aggregation or bonded, is the secondly developed reservoir rocks with type Ⅲ. The depositional environment of Kisar piedmont front is bottom gentle slope, mainly developed microfacies containing microbial particles muddy limestone, and reservoir rocks are microbial granular micrite limestone and micritic limestone with type Ⅳ reservoir, which formed by tectonic movement and dissolution transformation. It is concluded that favorable microbial adhesion mounds, reefs, shoals have been in a shallow buried diagenetic environment with a long time, which is conducive to preservation of primary intragranular pores. It is an important foundation for the development and formation of Oxfordian microbial rock reservoirs in the study area. The faults and microcracks, formed in two stages of tectonic movement(Late Yanshan 119 Ma, Early Himalayan 61.31 Ma), are beneficial for the reservoir reformation of microbial mound, reefs, shoal microfacies. It is another important condition for the development and formation of microbial limestone reservoirs in the study area. Three types of fluid superimposed dissolution and reformation on the reservoir, including hydrocarbon rapidly invading and dissolution by organic acid, high temperature formation fluid and deep hydrothermal fluid, TSR reaction, are the key for the development and formation of microbial reservoirs in the study area.

Key words: microbial reservoir, carbonate, Oxfordian, Upper Jurassic, Amu Darya Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

马文辛, 欧阳诚, 廖波勇, 徐邱康, 陈仁金, 王欣, 夏慧萍, 张婷. 阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2021, 33(5): 59–69.

MA Wenxin, OUYANG Cheng, LIAO Boyong, XU Qiukang, CHEN Renjin, WANG Xin, XIA Huiping, ZHANG Ting. Characteristics and genesis of Oxfordian microbial limestone reservoirs in eastern Amu Darya Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2021, 33(5): 59–69.

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阿姆河盆地东部牛津阶微生物灰岩储层特征及成因

Characteristics and genesis of Oxfordian microbial limestone reservoirs in eastern Amu Darya Basin

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