岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 115–124.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260511

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于全方位成像的碳酸盐岩缝洞异常提取与识别

穆洁(), 史飞洲, 高宇航, 陈胜红, 朱博华   

  1. 中石化石油物探技术研究院有限公司南京 211103
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-08 修回日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:穆洁(1988—),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地震资料处理方法研究工作。地址:(211103)江苏省南京市江宁区上高路219号。Email:531906753@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“深层—超深层多类型油气储层精细成像与流体预测方法”(G—U24B6001)

Application of full-azimuth migration imaging method for weak anomaly extracting and identifying in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs

MU Jie(), SHI Feizhou, GAO Yuhang, CHEN Shenghong, ZHU Bohua   

  1. Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211103, China
  • Received:2026-04-08 Revised:2026-05-13 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04

摘要:

为提高碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层中小尺度缝洞体的识别精度,提出了一种基于全方位成像的碳酸盐岩缝洞异常提取与识别方法,构建了2套速度模型,基于模型正演数据对该方法进行了验证,并将该方法在塔里木盆地顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层中进行了应用。研究结果表明:①该方法通过全方位角度域偏移得到全方位共倾角道集;基于不同地质体在全方位共倾角道集上的响应特征差异,应用倾角滤波器对全方位共倾角道集进行加权散射叠加;结合测井资料约束参数,平衡散射信号提取效果。②不同地质体在全方位共倾角道集中具有不同响应特征,地下连续界面的成像点表现为“漏斗状”结构,从成像点向两翼能量逐渐变弱;地下独立散射点、断面散射点的响应特征分别为近似的直线,水平且不连续的直线,各散射能量间的差异均不明显。③模型正演验证基于全方位共倾角道集的散射能量加权提取方法能有效识别缝洞体、断点边界“串珠”响应特征,放大真实缝洞散射能量,提取出强能量同相轴中的弱“串珠”响应;顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层的实际应用显示,散射成像所显示出的缝洞体规模和振幅强弱,与实际钻井生产数据的匹配度较常规方法更高,其振幅变化率属性、相干属性反映的主干和次级断裂变化趋势更接近。

关键词: 全方位角度域成像, 倾角道集, 缝洞体识别, 散射波分离, 倾角滤波, 测井信息约束, 碳酸盐岩储层, 顺北地区, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

To improve the identification accuracy of small- and medium-scale fractured-vuggy bodies in carbonate reservoirs, a method for weak anomaly extracting and identifying in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs based on full-azimuth migration imaging was proposed. Two sets of velocity models were constructed, and the method was validated using model forward simulation data. It was then applied to fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin. The results show that: (1) The proposed method obtained full-azimuth common dip gathers through full-azimuth angle domain migration. Based on differences of response characteristic of various geological bodies in full-azimuth common dip gathers, the dip filtering was applied to perform weighted scattering stacking on the gathers. Combined with logging data constrained parameters, the scattering signal extraction effect was balanced. (2) Different geological bodies exhibit distinct response characteristics in full-azimuth common dip gathers. Imaging points of continuous subsurface interfaces show a funnel-shaped structure, with energy gradually weakening toward both flanks from the imaging point. Response characteristics of independent subsurface scatterers and cross-section scattering points are approximately straight lines and horizontal yet discontinuous lines, respectively, with no significant differences in scattering energy among them. (3) Model forward verification demonstrates that the weighted scattering energy extraction method based on full-azimuth common dip gathers can effectively identify the “string of beads” response characteristics of fractured-vuggy bo-dies and breakpoint boundaries, amplify the real scattering energy of fractured-vuggy, and extract weak “string of beads”responses from high-energy events. The actual application in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs of Shunbei area shows that the scale and amplitude strength of fractured-vuggy bodies displayed by the scattering imaging match actual drilling production data better than conventional methods, and variation trends of main and secondary faults reflected by its amplitude change rate attribute and coherence attribute are more consistent with the actual geological conditions.

Key words: full-azimuth migration imaging, dip gather, fractured-vuggy body identification, scattering wave separation, dip filtering, logging data constraint, carbonate reservoirs, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE344

图1

射线对和地下成像点的四维局部角度域空间示意图 注:x轴指向正北方向;红线为地下成像点M与局部平面射线对中点的连线;黑色虚线为红线在xy平面内的投影。"

图2

全方位地下局部角度域成像技术展示的地表数据点与地下成像点映射图 注:N为正北方向;黄绿色线为地下成像点M与局部平面射线对中点的连线;黑色箭头虚线为黄绿色线在xy平面内的投影;M '为M的地表投影点。"

图3

地下连续界面的偏移划弧结果(a)及其在全方位共倾角道集中的响应特征(b) 注:红色、绿色和黄色曲线分别表示地下不同成像点的偏移划弧,其中,红色曲线为地下成像点M处的偏移划弧;v1为成像点M处的切线倾角,v3和v5为黄色曲线与垂向虚线交点处的切线倾角,v2和v4为绿色曲线与垂向虚线交点处的切线倾角;红色圆点为全方位共倾角道集的采样点,红色深浅代表采样点能量强弱,颜色越深,能量越强。"

图4

地下独立散射点的散射波场(a)及其在全方位共倾角道集中的响应特征(b) 注:蓝色矩形框代表地下独立散射点;红色箭头表示地下独立散射点在三维空间的散射波场;红色圆点为全方位共倾角道集的采样点,红色深浅代表采样点能量强弱,颜色越深,能量越强。"

图5

地下断面散射点的散射波场(a)及其在全方位共倾角道集中的响应特征(b) 注:垂向倾斜蓝色线条代表断层界面;横向倾斜蓝色线条代表被断层界面分开的地层界面;红色箭头为地下断面散射点在某一方位产生的散射波场;红色圆点为全方位共倾角道集的采样点,红色深浅代表采样点能量强弱,颜色越深,能量越强。"

表1

地层倾角滤波器散射波分离参数表"

重要参数 参数作用 参数选择
滤波类型 突出水平层状镜像特征或
异常散射特征
镜像滤波
算子
滤波算子
斜率
正数表示增强小倾角信号特征;
负数表示增强大倾角信号特征
-8
滤波算子输入
能量区间
确定输入信号进行散射的能量
加权范围
0~0.6
门槛值 通过包络属性优化提取的散射信息;通过门槛值确定提取的散射信号 20
平滑参数 对提取的散射信号进行平滑 7

图6

断裂-缝洞发育的水平层状地层速度模型"

图7

断裂-缝洞发育的水平层状地层正演模型全角度叠加剖面(a)和散射叠加剖面(b)"

图8

缝洞发育的水平层状地层速度模型"

图9

缝洞发育的水平层状地层速度模型对应的全角度叠加剖面(a)和散射叠加剖面(b)"

图10

顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层典型成像剖面及其对应的倾角道集与加权系数分布叠合图 注:红色圆圈内为“串珠”响应;黄色虚线框为对应“串珠”的全方位共倾角道集与加权系数叠合图。"

图11

顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层典型全角度叠加剖面1 (a)及其对应的散射叠加剖面(b)"

图12

顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层典型全角度叠加剖面2(a)及其对应的散射叠加剖面(b)"

图13

顺北地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层相干属性与振幅变化率属性叠合图 注:E、F为已钻井,G为新钻水平井。"

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